Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Primary education

Mediterranean Diet

Key Components

• Grains: Rice, wheat, bread, and pasta (rich in complex carbohydrates).
• Fruits and Vegetables: Rich in vitamins, minerals, and fiber.
• Fish, Meat, and Legumes: Important protein sources.
• Olive Oil: Primary cooking fat.

Other important aspects include an active lifestyle, enjoying meals as a social activity, and using local, traditional foods.

Special Diets

Types of Special Diets

• Low Cholesterol Diet: Limits saturated and trans fats (e.g., red meat, sweets).
• Low Salt Diet: Uses seasonings instead of salt; recommended for hypertension.
• Gluten-Free Diet: Excludes gluten (found in wheat and some other grains).
• Diabetes Diet: Avoids simple sugars but allows complex carbohydrates; emphasizes regular mealtimes.
• High/Low Calorie

Due Diligence

Property Verification

• Concordance between the property description in the Land Registry and the physical reality.
• Verification of charges and encumbrances on the property in the Land Registry (mortgages, usufructs, easements, seizure notes, etc.).
• Confirmation that the property is free of tenants or occupants.
• Review of the Community of Owners' agreements.
• Verification of no administrative infringements or penalty procedures.

Documentation

• Public deed of property ownership and registration.
• Certificates/Single Notes from the Land Registry to verify title, charges, and encumbrances.
• Cadastral Value.
• Receipt of I.B.I. (Property Tax) for the last fiscal year.
• Documents proving payment of the Property Tax (IBI) and the Rubbish Tax (Tasa de basura)

Postwar Poetry

The end of the Civil War is marked by a hard postwar period of poverty, censorship, and exile of some intellectuals. Poets experienced the environment through evasion of the intimate (entrenched poetry) or through the testimony of the distressing situation (uprooted and social poetry).

Decade of the 40s

In the Generation of 36, authors like Luis Felipe Vivanco, Leopoldo Panero, Luis Rosales, and Dionisio Ridruejo developed established poetry. Garcilasismo, highlighted by José García Nieto, also emerged.

Ingrained Poetry

Characterized by an intimate evasion, positive vision of God, and classical metric. Authors like Luis Rosales, Luis Felipe Vivanco, Leopoldo Panero, and Dionisio Ridruejo were prominent in this movement.

Uprooted

PASSIVE/CAUSATIVE

He repaired my car: My car was repaired by him/ I had my car repaired by him.

They are going to clean her house: Her house is going to be cleaned.../ She is going to have her house cleaned.

She will cut your hair tomorrow: your hair will be cut.../ you will have your hair cut by…

MODALS

Poder: 1) CAN: puedo/cannot  2) COULD: pude-podria/could not  3)BE ABLE TO: podre venir mañana/ I will be able -- Pudiste haberlo hecho you were able to have told me that.

Possibility/Permission: 1) MAY: puedo/may not  2) MIGHT: podria/ might not.

Deber: 1) MUST: debo/ must not  2) SHOULD=OUGHT TO: deberia/should not=ought not to.  3) HAVE TO: debiste haber estudiado mas/ You had to have studied harder.

Seria mejor que:  1)HAD BETTER/ had... Continue reading "English Grammar and Vocabulary Practice" »

Essential English Verb Forms (32 Examples)

1. is
2. becomes
3. has shown
4. don’t fully mature
5. are
6. change
7. keep
8. has been seen
9. is
10. is not
11. are
12. have just taken
13. continues
14. suggests
15. differs
16. have ever been told
17. don’t become
18. have not changed
19. have seen
20. were growing
21. did not see
22. reached
23. began
24. became
25. found
26. learning
27. lay
28. had turned
29. grew
30. went
31. took
32. are living

Key Phrasal Verbs and Prepositional Phrases

1. get over the death
2. get out of this house
3. look after the baby
4. look at the document
5. broke down completely
6. put out the lights (or turn off the lights)
7. keep it on for long
8. the gun went off by accident
9. goes up in the winter (Price/Temperature)
10. gave them back to them
11. I came across a vase
12. take it out / take it back
13. took over the family
14. care for four children
15. I ran across (someone)
16. turn off
17. called off because (of something)
18. gave

NUMERO QUATTRO: HT Family History

Contains the health condition of parents (grandparents), siblings and children of the patient; no wife/husband. Have to note the occurrence of inheritable diseases: haemophilia, spherocytosis, DM, hypertension, cancer, “obesity”?. Draw family tree and mark affected people, we can localize if the disease is dominant, recessive and linked to sex chromosome X. Examination of chest.

INSPECTION:

SHAPE: Barrel chest (expiration prolonged, difficult), Pigeon breast (protruding breast bone, common in rickets), Funnel breast (inward deformity of sternum), Kyphoscoliosis (curvature of the spine, common in childhood rickets, can compromise ventilation), general deformities (due to chronic pulmonary and pleural diseases... Continue reading "Family History, Chest Examination, and Cardiac Diseases" »

Thus, we can assert that the results from these and other school-based studies (see Singleton for a review) cannot support the claim that the level of attainment in children is greater than that of adolescents/adults. According to Singleton, one of the possible explanations might be that environments based on formal learning do not offer learners the necessary amount of exposure which would allow the age advantage of young learners to take place.

Naturalistic Learning and the Critical Period Hypothesis

On the other hand, studies of learners in naturalistic learning situations demonstrate that "younger is better" and, therefore, could support the critical period hypothesis. This theory states that there is a precise period of years in which students... Continue reading "Age and Second Language Acquisition: Key Factors" »

Theoretical Background

The learning of English at an early age is becoming more and more commonplace in the Spanish educational system. However, this contrasts with the situation in other European countries where they start the teaching of a foreign language in primary education. Actually, there is no real evidence that demonstrates the effect of age on learners’ second language achievement, that is, whether learners who begin learning as children are able to reach higher levels of L2 ability than those who start learning in adolescence or adulthood.

Studies on Age and Language Acquisition

According to Clavel-Arroitia, several studies in the literature examine the effects of starting foreign language education in primary school compared with... Continue reading "Age and Second Language Acquisition: Is Earlier Really Better?" »

Student’s Book Vocabulary

Page 29: Musical Idioms

• Face the music: Accept criticism or punishment for something you did.
• Blow your own trumpet: Talk about your achievements.

Page 30: Key Terms

• Struggle (line 10): Fight.
• Midst (line 11): Middle.
• Conductor (line 16): Person who leads the musicians in an orchestra.
• Fulfil (line 18): Achieve or get (a dream).
• Manage (line 21): Succeed in doing something.
• Procure (line 22): Obtain.
• Give up (line 27): Abandon or leave.
• Point out: Draw somebody’s attention to show or indicate something.
• Make a point: Consider something as indispensable.
• There’s no point: There is no reason for something.
• Get the point: Understand the intention.
• What’s the point?: Asking for the use or purpose of something.

Page 31: Vocabulary