Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Primary education

My Summer Holidays

My last holidays were my longest holidays, and I think I learned how to spend my time wisely. I had a lot of fun with my friends and family, and I met new people too. I visited different places throughout the summer and made an effort to connect with others wherever I went.

San Sebastian

My first stop was San Sebastian, a beautiful town in the Basque Country. A friend who owns a house there invited me to stay for a few days. I went with some friends, and even though we only spent five days there, it was enough to make us want to return next summer! We spent hours on the beach in the mornings, simply lying down, soaking up the sun, and gathering enough energy for the rest of the day and night! We went out every night until the... Continue reading "My Summer Adventures, Favorite Book, and Life in Barcelona" »

Justice

The cardinal moral virtue that compels us to render to God and our neighbors what is rightfully theirs.

Common Good

The sum total of social conditions that enable individuals and groups to flourish and reach their full potential.

Social Sin

The impact of individual sins on society, creating structures that perpetuate injustice.

Social Teaching

The branch of Catholic theology that applies the Gospel message to social, political, and economic issues.

Natural Law

Inherent moral principles accessible to human reason, reflecting our God-given nature.

Solidarity

The virtue of social charity, friendship, and responsibility, recognizing our interdependence.

Stewardship

The responsible use of God's gifts, including the care for creation.

Subsidiarity

The principle... Continue reading "Essential Catholic Social Teaching Terms" »

Emotions, Stress, and Athlete Development

Examples of negatively toned emotions are anger, anxiety, sadness, etc. Using the example of the elite female shooter, she demonstrates how anxiety can be a good or bad thing. She can positively use negatively toned emotions to be fully aware of shooting her targets and also explains how if she was calm while shooting, it would frighten her more than calm her nerves. On the other hand, she explains that if she were to use a completely different rifle she may feel anxious, and in turn, be too afraid to use it. This is an example of how negatively toned emotions can be both useful and harmful.

The Impact of Stress and Anxiety on Performance

The level of anxiety or stress can decide whether or not the athlete... Continue reading "Emotions, Stress, and Athlete Development: Key Psychological Factors" »

Central Powers

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey, Bulgaria, Italy (only 1 year)

Allies

France, Russia, Great Britain, Italy (1915), later Japan and USA

The war started in Europe but affected other continents due to the colonial expansion.

Causes

The 28 June 1914, Franz Ferdinand (the A-H heir to the throne) was murdered in Sarajevo, Bosnia. With his wife Sophie, by the Serbian nationalist student Gavrilo Princip. After an ultimatum, A-H declared war on Serbia, and Russia defended Serbia. France took the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine from Germany. Italy took Istria and Trent from A-H. Some claimed independence in the Balkans, countries were fighting against the oppression of the Austrian and the Turkish empires. Due to the competition in commerce... Continue reading "Causes and Consequences of World War I" »

Dr. Cover's Rationales for the Four Gospels

Humanistic Rationale

It's impossible to capture the fullness of a person in a single portrayal. Each Gospel offers a unique perspective on Jesus, highlighting different aspects of his life, teachings, and personality.

Historical Rationale

Memories and interpretations of events vary within different communities. The Gospels reflect the diverse experiences and understandings of early Christian groups.

Theological Rationale

The number four holds symbolic significance. Just as there are four living creatures in Revelation 4:6-8, the four Gospels offer four distinct testimonies to Jesus's existence and significance.

The Apostle Paul

Uniqueness of Romans

Unlike other letters written to existing congregations, Paul... Continue reading "Understanding Early Christianity: Gospels, Paul's Letters, and the Trinity" »

A Childhood Robbery

When Gaizka and I were little, about eleven years old, we used to go out in the evenings to play in a park. We often met up with Ane's little brother, whose name is Peio. We had a great time every afternoon playing ball in that park.

But one day, while the three of us were in the park, a man approached and asked us the time. We told him, and then he demanded our cell phones. We tried to move away, but the man took out a knife, held it to my chest, and said, "Give me the phone, or I'll stab you."

Finally, we gave him the phones, and he disappeared. The next day, we went to the police to report the incident. After a few days, they called Gaizka and me, telling us they had arrested him and that we needed to go testify. Gaizka... Continue reading "Childhood Robbery & Summer with a Soccer Star" »

Who Were Lady Julian of Norwich and St. Thomas Aquinas?

Their Theological Approaches

Lady Julian of Norwich, an English theologian, likened divine love to motherly love.

St. Thomas Aquinas, an Italian priest, viewed theology as a science. He believed its raw data consisted of written scripture and church tradition.

Ancient Christian Martyrdom

The First Christian Martyr

St. Stephen is often considered the first Christian martyr.

Literary Patterns in Early Christian Martyrdom Accounts

Early Christian martyrdom accounts emerged as a response to Roman persecution, primarily in two forms:

• Apologies: Defenses of the Christian faith.
• Passio/Martyrium: Narratives of martyrs' lives and deaths.

These texts often drew parallels to Christ's Passion, portraying martyrs'... Continue reading "Christian Martyrdom: Past and Present" »

The Mayor of Casterbridge: A Chapter-by-Chapter Summary

Part 1

Chapter 1

After he had eaten three bowls of porridge (and rum), Michael Henchard got drunk. Because of that, he sold his wife. He had the idea of selling his wife because he saw a man who wanted to sell his cows.

Chapter 2

Susan Henchard came back to Weydon-Priors 20 years later because her husband had disappeared (and she thought that he was dead). Then, she wanted the best life for her daughter, Elizabeth-Jane. She thought that Michael could help her daughter.

Chapter 3

Susan discovered where Michael lived. She went to the country fair where Michael had sold her in the past. She talked with the toothless woman, and she explained to Susan the town where Michael went. Then, Susan and her... Continue reading "The Mayor of Casterbridge: Plot Summary and Analysis" »

Types of Interest Groups

Economic Interest Groups

Represent businesses, labor unions, and professional associations.

Environmental Interest Groups

Advocate for environmental protection (e.g., Sierra Club, National Wildlife Federation).

Ideological Interest Groups

Promote specific political ideologies or beliefs.

Public Interest Groups

Work for the common good and broader societal benefits.

One-Issue Interest Groups

Focus on a single, specific policy issue.

Interest Group Activities

Lobbying

Directly interacting with policymakers to influence legislation.

Grassroots Lobbying

Mobilizing the public to contact policymakers and express their views.

Electioneering

Supporting candidates and political parties through endorsements and campaign contributions.

Litigation

Filing... Continue reading "Understanding Interest Groups: Key Terms and Concepts" »

Spinal Cord Injury (SCI)

Anatomy of SCI

Shifting and crushing injuries often involve two right angles. White matter, the fluid surrounding the spinal cord, can be pinched, leading to neuron loss. Even after correction, the cord may not fully recover, potentially resulting in loss of function below the injury site. The central canal may be affected. Improvement is possible over time, with the neck being the most susceptible area.

SCI Levels

Neck injuries are more common than thoracic injuries due to the ribs providing additional stability. Cervical injuries (C1-C3) can affect arms, hands, and breathing. C4 injuries impact neck and shoulder movement. C5 injuries limit elbow flexion and shoulder movement. C6 injuries allow wrist extension but limit... Continue reading "Spinal Cord Injury (SCI): Anatomy, Levels, and Rehabilitation" »