Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of Primary education

Due Diligence

Property Verification

• Concordance between the property description in the Land Registry and the physical reality.
• Verification of charges and encumbrances on the property in the Land Registry (mortgages, usufructs, easements, seizure notes, etc.).
• Confirmation that the property is free of tenants or occupants.
• Review of the Community of Owners' agreements.
• Verification of no administrative infringements or penalty procedures.

Documentation

• Public deed of property ownership and registration.
• Certificates/Single Notes from the Land Registry to verify title, charges, and encumbrances.
• Cadastral Value.
• Receipt of I.B.I. (Property Tax) for the last fiscal year.
• Documents proving payment of the Property Tax (IBI) and the Rubbish Tax (Tasa de basura)

English Grammar

Past Perfect

The past perfect tense describes actions that happened before another action in the past. It is formed using "had" + past participle.

Examples:

• I had worked for my uncle.
• I had met him before you introduced us.
• We had gotten married before 1985.

Third Conditional

The third conditional describes a hypothetical situation in the past that did not happen. It is formed using "if" + past perfect + "would have" + past participle.

Example:

If I had had enough money, I would have bought you a house. (Si hubiera tenido suficiente dinero, te hubiera comprado una casa)

Science

Celestial Bodies

Celestial bodies are objects in the universe that interact with each other through gravity. They can be classified into two types:

• Those that emit

Ecological Concepts

Biomagnification and Bioaccumulation

Biomagnification is the process in which chemical substances become more concentrated at each trophic level. This occurs because organisms at higher trophic levels must consume more biomass to meet their requirements.

Bioaccumulation refers to the build-up of a chemical substance in the tissues of a single organism.

Indicator Species and Biotic Index

Indicator species are sensitive to specific environmental conditions and consequently have a limited range of tolerance.

A high biotic index indicates the presence of many pollution-sensitive organisms, denoting an unpolluted environment.

A low biotic index indicates a polluted environment, due to a relative abundance of pollution-tolerant organisms.... Continue reading "Ecological Concepts: Biomagnification, Biodiversity, and Population Dynamics" »

Primary Victim

• Alcock, Lord Oliver: Those involved in traumatic events.
• McFarlane v E.E Caledonia: Piper Alpha Oil Rig disaster.
• Page v Smith: Test today. Claimants with recurring disease due to an accident.

Held: Successful, showed physical injury or danger of physical injury, and reasonable belief of being in danger (reasonable foreseeability of psychiatric injury not taken into account). Affirmed: Simmons v British Steel.

White: Foreseeability of psychiatric injury no longer needs to be proven.

Secondary Victim

1. Reasonably Foreseeability (old law, still using): McLoughlin, Alcock
2. Sudden Shock: Sudden sight or sound that violently triggered the mind.
3. Proximity
   • (a) Relationship: Tie of love and attraction.
   • (b) To the incident: Closeness in time and space

English Grammar Review

Modal Verbs: Would

Affirmative: I would organize a clean-up day.

Negative: I wouldn't throw garbage on the streets.

Questions: What would you do to make it a better place?

Conditional Type 2

We use "if I were you..." when we want to give advice.

If I were you, I would + bare infinitive.

Examples:

• If you worked hard, you would have a better chance of getting good grades.
• If I were you, I would quit the school team and join a local team instead.

Present Perfect Tense

Use the present perfect tense for:

• Actions that started in the past and continue to the present.
• Actions that happened in the past and we can see their results in the present.

Note: When we use "never" in the negative, we use "have/has."

[has/have + past participle]

Examples:

Roles in Communication

• Motivating: employees and creating a proper cooperative environment.
• Reporting: providing data for decision-making and spreading goals.
• Controlling: performance of plans and behavior of members.
• Expressing: emotions about work achievements and relating organization with environment.

Communication Elements

• The sender: person transmitting the message.
• The receivers: recipients of the message.
• The message: information transmitted by sender.
• The channel: medium through which message is transmitted.
• The code: set of signs and symbols transmitting the message.
• The context: location, time, culture of participants.

Barriers to Communication

• Factors related to context: location or timing.
• Factors related to message/channel: noise.
• Factors related

The Renaissance Period: A Transformation

The modern period, spanning from the fall of the Byzantine Empire in 1453 to the French Revolution in 1789, witnessed significant global changes. Continents were no longer isolated, with trading routes and colonies established worldwide. Scientific advancements and economic growth led to major social transformations.

Religious and Social Shifts

Internal divisions within the Church split Europe into Protestants and Catholics, leading to increased religious intolerance and wars. The end of the Middle Ages saw the rise of the bourgeoisie, a new social class that, along with the nobility and the Church, became patrons of the arts and sciences. Composers and performers gained recognition as true artists for... Continue reading "Renaissance Era: Cultural Shifts, Music, and Social Transformation" »

Plessy v. Ferguson

1896 Supreme Court case that ruled that "separate but equal".

Young Men's Christian Association

Organization that promoted muscular Christianity, combining evangelism with athletic facilities.

Negro Leagues

All-African American professional baseball teams.

Sierra Club

Organization that preserved and enjoyed America's great mountains and wilderness environments.

National Park Service

Agency that provided oversight of the growing system of national parks.

Comstock Act

Law that prohibited circulation of "obscene literature" defined as including most information about sex and birth control.

Liberal Arts

Form of education where students chose from a range of electives, shaping their own curriculum.

Atlanta Compromise

Urged whites and African... Continue reading "Important Historical Terms and Organizations" »

Sources of Petroleum

Petroleum originates from a small fraction of the organic matter deposited in sedimentary environments.

“Source Rock”

The typical “source rock” contains 99% mineral matter and 1% organic matter. The organic matter is composed of 90% kerogen and 10% bitumens.

This organic matter is usually a combination of marine- and terrestrially-derived organic matter (plant) and zooplankton (animal), which constitutes more than 95% of the life in the oceans.

Terrestrial organisms are mainly wind-blown spores and pollen, along with some woody debris from rivers and swamps.

All living matter is composed of four main constituents: lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and lignins.

Kerogen Types

1. Type I Kerogen

This type of kerogen has a high... Continue reading "Petroleum Sources: Kerogen Types and Their Significance" »