Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of Physical Education

Tips for Improvement

• Ensure that you enjoy perfect health before beginning any exercise, and if not, consult with a specialist tutor to tell us what exercises to do.
• Begin with moderate exercise; we will increase based on improvements and individual achievement.
• Consult competent staff when we need information.
• Physical activities that are mobilized are the most beneficial.
• You must choose an activity that amuses us, allowing us to identify with it (aerobic).
• Play sports with people, not alone.
• Develop an activity without competing.
• Alternating practices motivates you more.
• To make group practice, maintain hygiene and care.
• Set an hour weekly and commit to complying.
• Incorporate physical activity actions to reduce body weight daily.
• Aim for a balanced

Michelangelo's David (1501-1504)

David, created between 1501 and 1504, is a youthful work completed when Michelangelo was just 26 years old. He was presented with a magnificent block of marble, without streaks or imperfections, that had been abandoned in the courtyard of the cathedral. The block's narrow lateral profile posed a significant technical challenge.

The creation of David was conducted in the utmost secrecy (with only one day of viewing allowed for the Florentines). Experts believe that Michelangelo did not use a live model.

With this work, the artist embodied the prototype of the hero who triumphs through intelligence over brute strength. This theme resonated deeply with the Florentines, potentially serving as a metaphor for the greatness... Continue reading "Michelangelo's David: A Masterpiece of Renaissance Sculpture" »

Voice Imposture

Imposture: Any professional using this term must have their voice impostada, meaning "in place." The voice is set up in the vocal cords to deliver sound fully, without hesitation or tremor. Otherwise, effort and disturbances occur. Speaking with an impostada voice means speaking effortlessly and naturally, maximizing the physiological condition of the phonation apparatus.

Impost of the voice: The impost is supported by the base of the rib cage, allowing air to flow freely down the trachea and produce sounds at length and in their best quality. This requires special training, usually provided by speech therapists, singing teachers, or other specialists. This training enables the speaker to use their natural tone, speak for longer... Continue reading "Voice Imposture, Tai Chi Placement, and Yoga Objectives" »

Elements of the Curriculum

Objectives: These are the intentions and goals of a particular educational project. They define what we want to achieve with the educational activity.

Contents: These are the components of a given capacity that must be learned for the development of goals. They can be further broken down into:

• Conceptual Contents: The set of knowledge.
• Procedural Contents: The techniques, methods, strategies, etc.
• Attitudinal Contents: Habits, values, and attitudes.

Methodology: Specifies the most appropriate activities for which the contents are adequately learned and served.

Assessment: This refers to the control processes of teaching and learning. It must incorporate an analysis and assessment of the process that has led to these results.... Continue reading "Curriculum Elements, Levels, and Types: A Comprehensive Breakdown" »

Scientific training is a physical system that involves the use of planned efforts and counterforce, destined to generate adaptations to resolve movement problems, collaborating with maintaining the best possible quality of life.

Organic Adaptation Mechanisms

1. Adaptation: It is the progressive morphological and functional changes occurring in our agency as a result of training to meet the demands of physical performance. The nature of the adaptation depends on the characteristics of the load, which leads us to distinguish between general training and specific training.
2. Overcompensation: The responses of the human body to physical exertion generate an adaptation of all systems, so that after the recovery effort, the body prepares to overcome a

Toddler Appearance vs. Newborn Appearance

A two-year-old is very different from a newborn baby, as the biological changes that occur in the first two years of a child's life are fast and spectacular. A newborn is about 51cm and weighs less than 4 kg. At two years, most children weigh over 13 kg and measure between 81 and 91cm, with boys generally having greater weight and height than girls. Moreover, the newborn is disproportionate, with a large head (one-quarter of body length). At two years, this proportion changes significantly.

Brain Maturation Indicators in Child Development

The maturation of the brain is responsible for increasing the regularization of sleep and wake rhythms in the child. It also drives changes in the child's ability to... Continue reading "Toddler vs. Newborn: Physical and Neurological Growth" »

Early Experiences

Early experiences, given the principle of life from the moment of fertilization, are very crucial for the organism because they occur when it is still undifferentiated. They are in critical periods of development of the individual.

• Pre-associative acquisition responses: Phenomena are habitualization, awareness, pseudo-knowledge, and inhibition.

The Learned

Almost all human behavior is learned. Man is learning all his life. It is said that a behavior is learned as a result of practice or experience and appears in the repertoire of behaviors in a more or less stable manner.

Learning is the acquisition or modification of behavior as a result of experience. The most important part of learning theory is the theory of information processing.... Continue reading "Understanding Early Experiences and Motor Learning" »

Physiological Rhythms and Mood

Physiological rhythm is the propagation of energy throughout the body, produced by the chain, succession, and differentiation of muscular work. A lively rhythm is rooted in our inner psychic and psychosomatic characteristics, but also depends on situational and environmental factors. External rhythms can organize the body in time and space simultaneously.

Types of Rhythm

• Monorhythm: maintains the same rhythmic structure.
• Polyrhythm: rhythmic variations in execution time. Facilitates the development of creativity.
• Arrhythmic: lacks a stable rhythmic structure; allows for further development of creativity and expressiveness.

Aerobics

Aerobics means "oxygen for life." First used by Pasteur (1875), the method was created... Continue reading "Physiological Rhythms, Aerobics, and Dance: A Holistic Approach to Movement and Well-being" »

Effective Basketball Defense Strategies

A. Single Defense

1) Defense Rated: Each defender is assigned to an attacker and only marks them.

It was not very efficient. Players were placed between the basket and the attacker.

B. Individual Defense Support

Every defender has to be aware of two references: the player with the ball and the player assigned to defend. The goal is to have more defenders than attackers in the vicinity of the ball (e.g., 5 defenders vs. 3 attackers).

Each attacker is linked by an imaginary line to the player with the ball (passing lane). The closer this line passes, the more pressure should be applied. Defenders are more buoyant when separated from the line.

C. Jump and Change (Unusual Defense)

One dribbling move. Attackers are... Continue reading "Effective Basketball Defense Strategies: Zones and Techniques" »

Understanding Human Movement

What Distinguishes Active Movement?

Active movements are voluntary actions produced by our internal forces (muscles) acting against an external force. They can be subdivided into:

• Free movement (no contest)
• Resisted movement (opposed by an external force)
• Helped movement (supported by an external force, such as a partner)
• Assisted-resisted movement (with both support and opposition)

Passive Movements

Passive movements are produced by an external force during muscular inactivity. This includes forced movement (something or someone causes the movement) or when voluntarily reducing internal forces to allow movement (movements produced by relaxation, such as when we lie down and relax our legs, and our feet fall out).

Systems