Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Physical Education

Introduction to Team Sports

Sporting Equipment

Sport is a motor situation characterized by action, driving, competition, regulation, and institutionalization. Sports are based on specific motor control where space and control are key elements.

Elements Common in Team Sports

• Basic Techniques and Motor Skills: Movement, release, reception, impact, driving.
• Specific Motor Skills: Tactics (individual and team), physical preparation, psychological preparation, and intelligent play.

Work Methodology in Team Sports

Definitions

• Learning: Acquiring knowledge or a skill.
• Learning Action: The process of learning an art or craft. It is essential to know what students already know and start with the basics.
• Teaching: A system and method of giving instruction.
• Methodology:

The Dynamic Indoor Stick Sport

This game was born in Sweden, a country where sport is highly valued. It has since been adopted by numerous countries for both recreational sport and competitive play. It is a team sport that is simple to learn, allowing all players to participate effectively from the very first moments. This fast-paced game can be practiced at any age and requires each player to contribute actively, making it an excellent choice for physical training for other sports. Importantly, all violence is excluded, ensuring no peril and causing no damage to the playing surfaces.

Understanding the Game Mechanics

The Terrain

The playing terrain can vary in size and presentation. Recommended dimensions are between 10 and 20 meters. The field... Continue reading "Mastering the Rules of the Fast-Paced Indoor Stick Sport" »

Depósito Hidráulico

Su misión es almacenar líquido hidráulico para asegurar el abastecimiento, permitir el bombeo y su retorno.

Componentes del Sistema Hidráulico

Fuente de Presión y Bombas

Bombas de caudal constante accionadas mecánicamente.

Regulador de Presión

Asegura una presión regulada para garantizar el funcionamiento del sistema.

Acumulador Principal

Su misión es proporcionar líquido hidráulico rápidamente donde hay demanda del circuito principal.

Válvula de Seguridad

Su misión es dar preferencia de alimentación a los órganos de seguridad vitales.

Función Válvula Seguridad (Pregunta 3)

Funciona para aislar los circuitos de suspensión trasero y delantero de la fuente de presión en caso de fallo. En caso de avería, la válvula... Continue reading "Componentes y Funcionamiento del Sistema Hidráulico Vehicular" »

Game by Couples: Objective: To motivate and enjoy the practice of volleyball and develop positive attitudes.

Relate to sharing partners and co-targets. Learn about key aspects of the basic rules of volleyball and start in the game. Practice fingers and forearm passes as integral elements in the game. Develop basic aspects of individual tactical skills, improving perception, decision-making, and execution involved in the game. Learn how to act autonomously in sport through integrated and global work.

Contents: Concepts and basic rules, material for the game, application of basic standards of play, and respect towards them. Use tactics such as passing space with fingers and forearms, exploration of different backgrounds, and improving the feel... Continue reading "Enhancing Volleyball Skills Through Engaging Couple Games" »

Muscle Contractility and Mechanism

What is the unit of muscle contractility and how would you explain briefly the mechanism of muscle contraction?

The basic unit of muscle contraction is the sarcomere. It is composed of protein filaments: actin and myosin. Actin filaments are fixed in a longitudinal direction, while myosin filaments are free. During contraction, the length of the actin and myosin filaments does not change. Instead, the sarcomere shortens due to the sliding of the actin filaments over the myosin filaments towards the center of the sarcomere. This sliding is driven by the interaction between actin and myosin, which is regulated by calcium ions. Calcium is essential for muscle contraction.

Respiratory Physiology

Explain VO2 max and

Physical Condition

Physical condition refers to the body's capacity to respond to fitness exercises. It depends on factors such as:

• Genes
• Age
• Gender
• Training
• Health habits

Total Training

Total training involves a combination of continuous running, fartlek, and gymnastics, addressing all physical attributes. Characteristics include:

• Alternating continuous running with accelerations, decelerations, and gymnastic periods.
• Constant pace, with intensity variations.
• No breaks.
• Potential for oxygen debt.

Key Fitness Components

• Strength: The ability to lift or move heavy weights.
• Speed: The ability to cover a distance or perform a movement in the shortest possible time.
• Resistance: The ability to exercise for an extended period.
• Flexibility: The ability to move muscles

Extreme Sports: An Adrenaline Rush

Water Sports

• Rafting (by boat or downriver)
• Gorge putting

Land Sports

• Caving

Air Sports

• Bridge jumping
• Paragliding
• Hang gliding

Racing Guidance

Objective

Complete a set route faster than rivals using a map and compass.

Environment

Countryside

Materials

• Map
• Compass
• Information sheet

Map

A graphical representation of the terrain, showing distances between paths. Key indicators include scale (e.g., 1:20000 means 1cm on the map equals 20000cm in reality) and contour lines.

Compass

A navigational instrument with a magnetized needle pointing North. Align the needle's North with the map's North, then rotate the compass to match the desired bearing.

Information Sheet

Helps locate key points marked on the map.

Orientation Courses

Duration

As... Continue reading "Thrilling Adventures: Exploring Extreme Sports and Races" »

Features of Repair Benches

• Stiffness: Ability to withstand efforts.
• Versatility: Capacity for adaptation.
• Durability: Capacity to last.
• Adaptability: Ability to adjust to different tools or accessories.
• Simplicity: Simplicity of the bed.

Types of Repair Benches

• Mini-benches
• Folding benches
• Fixed benches with ground elevator
• Benches for trucks
• Benches for truck cabs

Diagnosing Vehicle Damage

After receiving the vehicle, a visual inspection will be performed to determine if the repair can be made on the repair bench. Check the symmetries of the front and back over the roof and sides, and the back and front. Monitor the underside of the vehicle chassis for damage. Check for play and mismatches between the doors, front and rear fenders, front doors and the... Continue reading "Vehicle Body Repair Bench Techniques" »

Soccer Field Dimensions

Pitch Length

• 90x120 meters

Pitch Width

• 45x90 meters

International Pitch Length

• 100x110 meters

International Pitch Width

• 64x75 meters

Goal Area

Extends with two lines perpendicular to the goal line, 5.5 meters from the inside of each goalpost.

Penalty Area

Extends with two lines perpendicular to the goal line, 16.5 meters from the inside of each post.

Goal Specifications

Goal Size

7.32 meters wide x 2.44 meters high.

Soccer Ball Regulations

Ball Material

Spherical, made of leather or other suitable material.

Circumference

Between 68 cm and 70 cm.

Weight

Between 410g and 450g.

Pressure

0.6-1.1 atmospheres at sea level.

Application of the Advantage Rule

The referee may allow play to continue if a foul occurs, considering:

• The severity of the infraction.

Emergency Nursing Care During Childbirth

Effective emergency nursing during childbirth requires quick thinking, a calm demeanor, and precise actions to ensure the safety and well-being of both mother and baby.

Key Principles of Delivery Nursing

1. Serenity: Think and act quickly, remaining calm to convey confidence to the mother and others present.
2. Aseptic Technique: Always use sterile gloves. Any measure taken to provide maximum cleanliness helps prevent infection for both the baby and the mother.
3. Controlled Delivery of the Head: On the birth of the child's head, it is crucial to prevent sudden, hasty expulsion. This control helps prevent brain damage to the child and lacerations to the mother. Never abruptly stop the birth of the child's head to