Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems

Algorithms

Algorithms involve inputs, instructions, outputs, and a purpose.

Instruction Types

• Instruction
• Decision
• Loop
• Variable
• Function

Python Basics

Comments

Comments explain what code is for, intended for human readers.

Variables

Storing a value in a variable is called assignment. It's best practice not to use generic names.

Calculations (Operators)

• + : Addition
• - : Subtraction
• * : Multiplication
• / : Division
• // : Integer Division (e.g., 6 // 4 = 1)
• % : Remainder / Modulo (e.g., 6 % 4 = 2)
• ** : Exponentiation

mass_in_kg = 15

weight_in_pounds = mass_in_kg * 2.2

print('the weight in pounds is: ', weight_in_pounds)

user_name = input("enter your user name: ")

print('hello', user_name)

Data Types

• int: Integer numbers (e.g., -1, 0, 2, 1000)
• float: Floating-point (real)

Silver Partner of the Startup Awards Event

Deutsche Telekom IT Solutions Slovakia is proud to be a partner of the Startup Awards. We are a subsidiary of the Deutsche Telekom Group, primarily providing a range of ICT services and solutions, such as IT infrastructure, cloud, cybersecurity, application operations, software development, and digital transformation.

Key Characteristics of a Startup

So, what makes a startup? What are the relevant characteristics? Well, there are many, but for us, they would be:

• Entrepreneurship
• Innovation
• Perseverance
• Love it – because it is hard.

The Startup Community in Slovakia

At Deutsche Telekom IT Solutions Slovakia, we strongly believe in ecosystems, in particular, the collaboration with universities and schools.... Continue reading "Empowering Slovak Startups with Deutsche Telekom IT" »

Socializing: Weekday vs. Weekend Friend Meetings

Meeting friends is enjoyable whether it’s on weekdays or weekends, and each has its own unique advantages.

Weekday Socializing Benefits

• Relaxation After Work: Meeting friends after a long workday can be a great way to unwind and relieve work stress.
• Quieter Venues: Public places like cafés and restaurants are often less crowded compared to weekends, providing a more peaceful environment.
• Part of the Daily Routine: Meeting friends during the week can become part of your regular routine, enhancing social bonds consistently.

Weekend Socializing Advantages

• More Time Available: You have more time to spend with friends without worrying about work the next day.
• Variety of Activities: You can plan bigger

Understanding Key Literary Devices

Metaphor

A comparison between two unlike things without using "like" or "as."
Example: "Time is a thief."

Simile

A comparison between two unlike things using "like" or "as."
Example: "Her smile was as bright as the sun."

Alliteration

The repetition of the same initial consonant sounds in a series of words.
Example: "She sells seashells by the seashore."

Symbol

Using symbols (objects, characters, or actions) to represent larger ideas or concepts.
Example: A dove representing peace.

Hyperbole

An exaggerated statement used for emphasis or effect.
Example: "I'm so hungry I could eat a horse."

Imagery

Refers to descriptive language that appeals to the five senses—sight, sound, smell, taste, and touch.
Example: Visual Imagery (

The Influence of Orientalism on 17th-Century European Art and Design

Understanding Orientalism

Orientalism refers to Western attitudes and representations of Asian and Middle Eastern cultures, often characterized by a romanticized and exoticized view. This portrayal emphasized the mysterious and luxurious aspects of Eastern cultures while simplifying and stereotyping their societies. Such representations were prevalent in Western art, literature, and fashion, reflecting Western fantasies more than the actual cultures.

European Trade and Cultural Exchange with Asia

European connections to Asia and the Middle East during the 17th century were facilitated by trade routes like the Silk Road and new maritime routes pioneered by explorers such as Vasco

Vocabulary Glossary

Part 1

• Ragtime: A style of music characterized by a syncopated melodic line and regularly accented accompaniment, evolved by Black American musicians in the 1890s.
• Entwined: Wind or twist together; interweave.
• Crumbling: Breaking or falling apart into small fragments, especially as part of a process of deterioration.
• Loom: To appear as a large, often frightening or unclear shape or object; also, a device for weaving fabric.
• Sprawls: A small contrasting part of something.
• Haggard: Looking exhausted and unwell, especially from fatigue, worry, or suffering.
• Tenantry: The tenants of an estate; tenancy.
• Billowy: Characterized by or full of billows; surging.
• Cryptograph: A coded message or the art of writing or solving codes.
• Staggering:

Tray Tower Operation Issues

1. Flooding: Excessive vapor flow reduces separation efficiency.
2. Weeping: Insufficient vapor flow causes liquid leakage and poor mass transfer.
3. Foaming: Stable foam reduces mass transfer efficiency.
4. Entrainment: High vapor velocities carry liquid droplets, causing inefficiencies.

Packed Column Hydrodynamics

1. Liquid Distribution: Uniform distribution is crucial; poor distribution leads to channeling.
2. Pressure Drop: Lower than tray columns, but can increase with improper packing.
3. Flooding: Excess gas flow reduces efficiency.
4. Loading Point: Gas velocity causes resistance to liquid flow, increasing pressure drop.

Agitator Types

• Propeller Agitators: For low-viscosity liquids, providing axial flow.
• Turbine Agitators: For a wide range

Defining "Person"

A "person" can refer to various legal entities:

1. Individual: A natural human being.
2. Hindu Undivided Family (HUF): A family unit with common ancestors, treated as a single entity for tax purposes (India).
3. Company: A corporate entity registered under the Companies Act or similar law.
4. Firm: Partnership firms and limited liability partnerships (LLPs).
5. Association of Persons (AOP) or Body of Individuals (BOI): A group with a common purpose, with or without a formal partnership.
6. Local Authority: Municipal corporations, panchayats, and other local governance bodies.
7. Artificial Juridical Person: Entities like trusts, universities, or temples, recognized by law.

Defining "Assessee"

An "assessee" is a person liable to pay taxes:

1. Ordinary Assessee:

Key Mergers & Acquisitions

• Etihad Airways and Jet Airways
• Sun Pharma and Ranbaxy
• Wal-Mart and Flipkart

Section 26 (1) of the Competition Act

On receipt of a reference from the Central/State Government, statutory authority, or upon its knowledge/information (under section 19), if the Commission believes a prima facie case exists, it shall direct the Director General to investigate.

Relevant Cases

• CCI v. Steel Authority of India Ltd

Section 27(b): Penalties

The Commission may impose penalties, not exceeding 10% of the average turnover for the last three financial years, upon enterprises party to anti-competitive agreements or abuse of dominance.

Relevant Cases

• Excel Crop Care Ltd v. CCI

Section 3(3): Anti-Competitive Agreements

Agreements that cause or... Continue reading "Understanding Competition Law in India: Key Cases and Concepts" »

Classes (الصفوف)

• A class consists of variables (fields) and methods.
• Variables are data members of a class.
• Methods are functions that define the class's behavior.

Variables (المتغيرات)

• Declared with a data type and a name.
• Can be public or private.
• Examples: int age, String name.

Methods (الأساليب)

• Functions that perform specific tasks.
• Can have parameters and return values.
• Types:
  • Void methods: Don't return a value.
  • Return type methods: Return a value.
  • Static methods: Can be called without creating an object.
  • Instance methods: Require an object to be called.
  • Abstract methods: Declared without a body; used in abstract classes.
  • Overloaded methods: Multiple methods with the same name but different parameters.

Constructors (البناؤون)