Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems

Tmux Commands Reference

Introduction to Tmux

Tmux (Terminal Multiplexer) is a powerful terminal multiplexer for Unix-like operating systems. It allows you to manage multiple terminal sessions from a single window, enhancing your command-line productivity.

Basic Tmux Commands

$ tmux

$ tmux new -s myname

$ tmux ls

$ tmux a

$ tmux a -t myname

$ tmux kill-ses -t myname

$ tmux kill-ses -a

$ tmux kill-ses -a -t myname

$ tmux source-file ~/.tmux.conf

$ tmux show-options -g

$

Competitiveness and Trade

Nominal Exchange Rates

When our currency's value increases, our competitiveness decreases, and importations increase in relative terms.

Price Levels

• Our Country: If prices in our country increase, our exports decrease, and imports increase.
• Foreign Country: If prices in foreign countries increase, our competitiveness increases, benefiting our exports, and our imports decrease.

Foreign Exchange Market

• Price Determination: The exchange rate between countries is established based on supply and demand.
• Hedging: Protection against currency fluctuations, safeguarding investors and businesses from losses due to currency appreciation or depreciation.
• International Finance: Countries can lend and borrow money by converting currencies.

Key Definitions in Geography, Policy, and Culture

Agricultural and Socio-Economic Concepts

Minifundio: Finca rústica que, por su reducida extensión, no puede ser objeto de cultivo rentable por sí misma.

Latifundio: Grandes extensiones de tierra ociosa en manos privadas.

El petróleo se extrae de Petén (Guatemala).

El INAB (Instituto Nacional de Bosques) realiza plantaciones de Pinabete.

Walmart realiza censos.

En Alta Verapaz y Huehuetenango hay mayor crecimiento poblacional.

La Reforma Agraria es un conjunto de medidas políticas, económicas, sociales y legislativas.

Major Literary and Artistic Movements

• Naturalism: An artistic movement, especially literary, related to Realism, based on reproducing reality with documentary objectivity in all its

Longest Substring Without Repeating Characters

This problem involves finding the length of the longest substring in a given string that does not contain any repeating characters. A common approach uses a sliding window technique with a Set to efficiently track unique characters.

Strategy:

• Utilize a Set to store characters within the current window.
• Iterate through the string with a right pointer, adding characters to the Set.
• If a duplicate character is encountered, move the left pointer forward, removing characters from the Set, until the duplicate is no longer present.
• At each step, update the maximum length found.

Java Implementation Snippet

class Solution {
    public int findLongestSubstringWithoutRepeatingCharacter(String str) {
        Set&

Load Signal and Parameters

We load the signal we need.

load('tecla_piano.mat');

We calculate the sampling period and the number of samples.

Ts = 1/fs;
N = length(data);
n = 0:N-1;
nTs = n * Ts;

Set the number of frequency points which generate the spectrums. We also generate the frequency vector.

nFFT = 2 * fs;
f = (0:nFFT-1) * fs/(nFFT-1);

Time Domain Signal Representation

We represent the input signal in the time domain.

figure;
plot(nTs,data);
title('Input signal, TIME domain');
xlabel('nT_{S} (s)');
ylabel('data[nT_{S}] (V)');
grid on;

Signal Spectrum Analysis

We calculate and observe the spectrum of the signal. From the magnitude spectrum, we decide that we want to filter the signal up to 1000 Hz and we want to remove it completely from 1500 Hz up.... Continue reading "FIR Low-Pass Filter Design with Window Method" »

Forward Exchange (EUR/SEK):

x = Exchange rate * (1 + SEK interest rate) / (1 + EUR interest rate).

CAP: Establishes an upper limit on interest rates. Floor: Establishes a lower limit on interest rates. EBITDA: Higher than net income. ROE: Return on Equity. For the equity the company provides, it generates an operating income of X annually.

Theoretical Semiannual Euribor:

(1 + First-half rate) * (1 + Second-half rate) = (1 + Annual rate).

Nominal Exchange Rate: (Nominal Exchange Rate * Domestic Price Level) / Foreign Price Level.

Spot Market: Notional amount * (1 / Current exchange rate - 1 / Initial exchange rate). Positive value means that in 9 months the spot market will be more expensive.

FXA (Foreign Exchange Agreement): Notional amount * (1... Continue reading "Understanding Forex, Financial Ratios, and Country Competitiveness" »

The Alhambra: Nasrid Architectural Masterpieces

Courtyard of the Lions

The Courtyard of the Lions features a criss-cross water channel system connecting the courtyard to the surrounding rooms, forming a cruciform compositional axis. The courtyard is surrounded by slender columns and porticos.

• Fountain of the Lions: Features 12 lion sculptures. The design evokes the image of an oasis, characterized by small, provisional-looking columns adorned with vegetation carvings.

Hall of the Two Sisters

This was the most important room, serving as the residence of the King and the main hall. It features its own fountain and represents the beginning of the complex's design philosophy.

• Architecture: Main hall with a dome, repetition of geometric patterns (geopatterns)

Vocabulary

Prefixes

• re/over/under: overeat, reshape, overspend, overproduce, undercook, redesign, resend
• anti/inter/multi/over/pro: inter/over/proactive, multicolored, prodemocracy, overeat, multiethnic, intergalactic, antiglobalization, multi/international, overproduce, multipurpose, antisocial, overspend, multistorey, anti/protechnology
• Negative prefixes: disobedient, disorganized, illegal, illiterate, immoral, impatient, inadequate, incredible, irrelevant, irresponsible, unbelievable, unhelpful, unsafe.

Other

• Inspired: inspirado
• Innovative: innovado
• Replaced: reemplazado
• Discover: descubierto
• Developed: desenvolvido
• Invented: inventado
• Observed: observado
• Researched: buscado
• Created: creado
• Designed: diseñado
• Adapted: adaptado
• Genre of films: adventure,

Renaissance Concepts and Classical Revival

• Renewed Interest in Antiquity: Manifested early in literature and poetry through figures like Dante, Petrarch, and Boccaccio.
• Classical Texts: Significant revival and rediscovery of ancient writings.
• Vitruvius's Treatise (1414): The rediscovery of De Architectura was profoundly influential for subsequent generations of architects.

The Rise of Architectural Patronage

The emergence of wealthy patrons promoted new forms of art and architecture. Key examples include:

• The Medici Family: Including Giovanni di Averardo, Cosimo de' Medici (il Vecchio), and Lorenzo de' Medici (il Magnifico).

Humanism and Anthropocentrism

• Humanism posits that the human being contains the perfect proportions of the universe, famously

Santa Maria degli Angeli (Florence)

(Demolished after 3 years)

• Blended integration and relation of elements.
• Centralized floorplan: Representing an aesthetic ideal and an expression of the order of the universe – absolute symmetry.
• Surrounded by a world of well-proportioned beauty.
• Relation with Villa Rotonda; centralized building as a key urban form.

Michelozzo: Palazzo Medici (Florence)

• An urban palace where the facade is an important aspect.
• The wall treatment softens and smooths in the upper levels, representing the wealth of the Medici family.
• Exterior conveys solemnity, giving higher status to the city as well.
• Features a very heavy cornice at the top.

Leon Battista Alberti: Theory and Practice

• Had extensive contact with Florentine Humanists; friend