Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems

It was a bleak winter’s day, and the snow had come early. The grass glistened like a carpet of crushed diamonds in the early morning sunshine. The air smelled pure and fresh. Everything seemed quieter, almost muffled. There was a sense of serenity in the atmosphere.

Feeling numb and wet, tired, and exhausted, he made his way along the path through the trench. His fingers ached in the winter wind as he clenched and unclenched them, trying to keep the feeling in their tips. He was a tall, slim man with a long face, a nose like a pin, and a thin, sandy moustache. He had a face like a lion’s and an eye like a hawk’s. His name was Fred.

As Fred trudged through the icy and frozen passageways, he nodded and weakly smiled at the soldiers that were... Continue reading "The Stench of War: A Soldier's Tale" »

Passive Voice

to be + verb. (participle)

Prest. simple: (is/are) + STOLEN

Prest. continous : (is/are) + BEING + STOLEN

Past simple: (was/were) + STOLEN

MODALS: (MUST/CAN/SHOULD) + BE + STOLEN

- They told me the truth.

- I was told the truth.(Em van dir la veritat.)

- The truth was told to me.

Causative

HAVE/GET + SOMETHING + DONE

- I had my house painted last summer.

- We are getting our car fixed this afternoon.

Impersonal Passive

(say, believe, claim, know, report, think, consider, mention...)

People believe the president is unfair.

It is believed that the president is unfair.

Relative Sentences

DEFINING RELATIVE.

NON-DEFINING RELATIVE: entre comas, nunca THAT, nunca se omite el pronombre.

PERSON: who/whom (a quien/a quienes)/that

- The teacher (who) Alice is... Continue reading "English Grammar Rules and Examples" »

What is the Difference Between Principle - Principle of Operation?

Brayton Cycle

The continuous combustion cycle.

How Does Engine Thrust Vary?

Low temperature gives greater thrust.

Which Statement is True?

At lower engine speeds...

Static Thrust is Developed

Aircraft on the ground and stationary.

The Fan Bypass Ratio (BPR)

The mass ratio of air that passes...

P2 and P7 Sensors are Pickups for

Inlet and outer pressures.

Thrust

Increases with an increase in speed.

EPR (Engine Pressure Ratio) is

The main parameter that shows the thrust produced.

Compressor Inlet Screens

For protection against Foreign Object Debris (FOD).

Intakes are Designed to

Decelerate the free air stream.

What is the Shape of a Jet Engine Air Intake?

Divergent

Compressor Stall

Is the airflow separation... Continue reading "Jet Engine Fundamentals and Operations" »

Synchro Systems

• What lead on a transistor has a colored dot? - Collector lead.
• Differential synchro system - Combines two or more inputs.
• Which of these creates error voltage? - TDX.
• Controlled system - The processing plant range which is to be...
• Control units in a control synchro system are driven by - Electromagnetic or mechanical means.
• Resolvers generally provide - Very reliable outputs.
• Resolver synchro system - Transmits angular position with high accuracy.
• Air gap inaccuracies in synchros - Bring huge problems in controlling.
• Instability of transmitter - The momentum of the servo motor to go...
• If the synchro transmitter rotor is turned - The field turns the same angle.
• Torque systems are used for - Light loads, such as the position of dials..

CAMINO DE SANTIAGO

pilgrimage route which continue existing, it became a major pilgrimage route in 11th century because of the invasion of Europe.

PRE-ROMANESQUE ART

period in European art, which emerged from Carolingian Renaissance in the late 8th to 11th century.

RENAISSANCE OF URBAN LIFE

began in the 11th century, the population grew and new population centers developed in ancient Roman cities or in new cities.

BOROUGHS

new neighborhoods for craftsmen and merchants, they were also surrounded by walls, these new parts or cities appeared since the 11th century.

BOURGEOISIE

people who live in the borough and became a new social group, formed by aristocracy and traders.

URBAN ARISTOCRACY

the route of the richest families in a medieval city, they belonged... Continue reading "Medieval Urban Development and Cultural Movements" »

Normal shock wave leads - to total turbulence behind shock wave

How to calculate drag coefficient - ratio between drag pressure to dynamic pressure

Turbulence caused by wing vortices absorb - increased induced drag

Induced drag reduced - higher aspect ratio

Lift augmentation devices - increase lift at slow speed (takeoff landing)

Wing fences used to reduce - effects of span-wise flow

Directional stability - sweepback of wing and vertical tail

Control surfaces give longitudinal control - elevators

Acceleration - change of velocity divided by time during which change occurs

Resistance of skin friction of air passes - parasite drag

Lift produced by an airfoil is resultant - relative wind

Types of stability - dynamic and static

Generally center of pressure

European Language Families

Slavic Languages

South Slavic:

• Slovenian
• Croatian
• Bosnian
• Serbian
• Bulgarian
• Macedonian
• Old Church Slavonic (Extinct)

Note: These languages were formerly grouped under Yugoslavia. Montenegrin is a sub-national variety.

East Slavic:

• Russian
• Belarusian
• Ukrainian
• Rusyn

Note: Rusyn and Ruthenian are considered sub-national varieties. The terms "Great Russian" and "Little Russian" (referring to Ukrainian) are extinct and considered offensive, as they imply Ukrainian language subordination.

West Slavic:

• Polish
• Czech
• Slovak
• Sorbian
• Kashubian
• Polabian (Extinct)

Note: Kashubian and Lachian are considered sub-national varieties. Slovincian is another extinct West Slavic language.

Germanic Languages

East Germanic:

• Gothic (Extinct)

North Germanic:

• Danish
• Swedish
• Norwegian
• Icelandic
• Faroese

West

Innovation

What is Innovation?

Something original that breaks into a new market or society.

• Improving efficiency, effectiveness, and advantage
• Making an impact in the market

Why Innovate?

• Due to mass production in countries like China, companies are shifting their vision. To compete, they need to innovate their products.
• Environmental friendliness

Today's Musts

1. Collaboration: Working with others
2. Diversity
3. Agile Thinking
4. Creativity
5. Technology
6. Sustainability
7. Customer-centricity
8. Risk-taking

Innovation Manager Tools

1. Communication
2. Team Building
3. Task Management: Teams, Skype
4. File Management: Rules for uploading files
5. Conception: Taking everyone into account

Innovation Tools

1. Job to Be Done: Innovating according to the client's needs
2. Expectations: Creating expectations about

Top Energy-Producing Countries in Africa

In Africa, there is a diverse range of energy sources and production capabilities. Several countries play a significant role in meeting the continent's energy needs and driving economic development:

• Natural Gas

  • Algeria

    Algeria is the largest producer of natural gas in Africa, exporting to Europe and other parts of Africa.

  • Nigeria

    Nigeria is the second-largest producer of natural gas in Africa, exporting to other parts of Africa and Europe.

  • Egypt

    Egypt is the third-largest producer of natural gas in Africa, exporting to Europe and other parts of Africa.

  • Libya

    Libya is the fourth-largest producer of natural gas in Africa, exporting to Europe and other parts of Africa.

  • Mozambique

    Mozambique is the fifth-largest producer

Therapeutic Uses of Atropine

Preanesthetic Medication

• Decrease salivary and bronchial secretions
• Prevent bronchospasm
• Antagonize respiratory center depressants
• Protect the heart from bradycardia induced by some general anesthetics
• Prevent vomiting

Disadvantages:

• Post-operative urine retention
• Intestinal hypomotility (paralytic ileus)

Other Uses

1. Heart block and marked bradycardia
2. In cholinergic poisoning to antagonize muscarinic effects (organophosphorus poisoning or physostigmine poisoning)
3. Colics, gut hypermotility, duodenal ulcer
4. Nocturnal enuresis and urinary urgency to reduce bladder motility
5. Parkinsonism
6. Motion sickness (Hyoscine (scopolamine) is better)
7. Hyperhidrosis
8. For fundus examination of the eye (derivatives are better)
9. Bronchial asthma (secretions