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Mastering English: Time, Word Building, and Connectors

Time Vocabulary and Expressions

Verbs related to time:

• Give: dar
• Have: tener
• Kill: matar
• Make up for: compensar
• Run out of: quedarse sin
• Save: guardar
• Spare: sobrante
• Take: tomar
• Take up: absorber
• Waste: perder

Prepositions of Time:

• At: en
• Before: antes
• By: por
• For: para
• From: desde
• In: dentro de
• Off: apagado
• On: sobre
• To: a

Common Time Expressions:

• With time to spare: con tiempo de sobra
• The whole time: todo el tiempo
• Time's up: se acabó el tiempo
• Short of time: poco tiempo
• I've got time on my hands: tengo el tiempo en mis manos
• For the time being: siendo por el momento
• A question of time: una cuestión de tiempo
• A long time ago: hace mucho tiempo
• There isn't much time left: no queda mucho tiempo
• The time next week:

Vocabulary

• Accent - acento
• Citizenship - nacionalidad
• Demand - exigir, requerir
• Law - ley
• Citizens - ciudadano
• Force - obligar
• Government - gobierno
• Proposal - propuesta
• Prove - demostrar
• Typical - típico
• Trendy - de moda
• Quiet - tranquilo
• Noisy - ruidoso
• Appearance - aspecto físico
• Painful - doloroso
• Hardship - problema
• Aware - consciente
• Light-skinned - piel clara
• Tease - burlarse
• Lucky break - suerte
• Pretty curly - bonito rizado
• Good looking - guapo

Text Analysis

Redefining British Culture

True or False:

1. True (lines 1-2)
2. False (lines 5-6)
3. True (lines 8, 9, 10)
4. False (lines 11)
5. False (lines 14)

Inner Beauty: Can We Really See It?

1. People sometimes judge others based on their physical appearance.
2. 1. b
   2. a
3. 1. She experienced being judged.
   2. Because of how she looked.
   3. He is able to see

Jurisdiction in the European Union

1. Relation with Other Legal Instruments

1.1 Other Specific EU Legal Instruments

Does not affect specific matters.

1.2 Brussels Convention

Superseded by the Brussels Regulation. References to the Convention should be to the Regulation.

1.3 International Conventions

Supersedes existing treaties, but treaties retain validity where not superseded. The Brussels Regulation (Regulation 44/2001) does not affect specific treaties. The Regulation shall not affect treaties prior to its entry into force.

2. Scope of Application

2.1 Time

March 2002

2.2 Geographical Scope

All EU members except Denmark (Denmark joined in 2005).

2.3 Material Scope

Civil and commercial matters (excluding revenue, customs, and administrative matters). Does... Continue reading "Jurisdiction in the European Union: A Comprehensive Summary" »

The Victorian Age

Social and Historical Context

The Victorian age covers a wide period and was very productive, literarily speaking. We find the so-called professional writing: writers devoted their lives to writing. Literature became a profession. It constituted an outstanding moment for the development of non-fictional works. Poetry was cultivated, but the novel was the preferred genre.

Queen Victoria ruled Britain from 1837 to 1901. She brought important political and economic development to her country. It was the age of Colonialism, and a new philosophy was introduced. We are speaking about expansion and development. Queen Victoria was very young when she became queen. She was born in 1819 and died in 1901. She was in her teens when she became... Continue reading "Victorian Era: Society, Politics, and Poetry" »

Information Condensation Techniques

Nominalization Explained

Nominalization is a process that transforms a sentence's information into a noun or a nominal phrase. Nominalization can express more meaning within less space and using fewer words.

Linguistic Transformations: Nominalization Example

Nominalization involves a series of linguistic transformations. The statement «Laura and Michael met by chance. Thus, they felt very happy.» explains a situation. But it is not the only way to say it. If we say: «The chance meeting of Laura and Michael brought happiness.», we convey the same information but more concisely. We used two nominalizations. This has allowed us to condense two sentences or propositions into one. In short, the verb structure... Continue reading "Nominalization and Verb Tense Usage in Text Structure" »

The Democratic Administration (1868-1874)

The Revolution of September

In September 1868, Queen Isabella II left the throne because of the outbreak of the September Revolution, known as "The Glorious".

Formation of a Provisional Government

Chaired by General Serrano, but with General Prim as the strongman, a provisional government was formed. Constituent elections were called and won by monarchists. To win, the monarchists promoted the creation of a constitution that recognized the right of *illegal legislables* (rights that the legislature understood that they could not legislate because it had the right man for the very fact of human nature) and three reprimands the division of powers, but the monarchy retained executive power. The government... Continue reading "Spain's Political Turmoil: 1868-1878" »

Adequacy

There are two main approaches to adequacy:

• Rule-Based Adequacy: Meeting the requirements of standard language regarding spelling, lexicon, and morphosyntax.
• Communicative Adequacy: Using linguistic elements appropriately to achieve the speaker's goal or intent. This involves adapting the form of speech to several communicative elements:
  • Audience type (ideology, culture, size, homogeneity).
  • Topic treatment (specialized or general).
  • Topic nature (serious, transcendent, etc.).
  • Field (academic, scientific, journalistic, etc.).
  • Channel (oral or written).
  • Lexical register (formal, specific, standard, colloquial, vulgar).
  • Use of resources.
  • Elements of impersonality and universality, sentence patterns, language functions.
  • Point of view, formulas, or focus/

7-As nadadeiras dos peixes podem apresentar funções variadas de acordo com adaptações ocorridas ao longo dos tempos. Podem ser usadas para, exceto: Respirar

8- Na reprodução dos vertebrados inferiores, predominam os processos de: Fecundação externa

9-No Aparelho excretor dos peixes, os rins são do tipo: Mesonéfrico

1- Entre os peixes e os primeiros anfíbios foram necessários 40 milhões de anos de lenta e constante evolução.

Todas as alternativas contêm adaptações surgidas durante essa evolução, exceto : Manutenção da pele úmida, Termo regulação.

4- Os únicos animais que apresentam, ao longo da vida, respiração branquial, cutânea e pulmonar são os: Pererecas

7- um animal, vivendo no ambiente terrestre e utilizando a pele... Continue reading "Cola" »

Lingïísticos signs (units of language) divide their time in various, components that are studied in various fields of linguistics. These components are linked together, combine or unite to give rise to larger units. Thus we see that the various phonemes (sound units) meet to give rise to combinations of sounds that allow recognition of different concepts, training of all signs that constitute language.

In the field of morphology (the study of word formation), these smaller units are called monemes.

The combination of monemes will result in the formation of different words.

So that the linguistic sign (the word) comes from a double joint, a joint or combined sound (phoneme) meaningless and another that provides meaning (monemes).

To be clear,