Core Concepts in Biology, Geology, and Astronomy
Classified in Biology
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Animal Classification
Vertebrates: Possess an endoskeleton and belong to the phylum Chordata. They are divided into 5 main groups:
- Mammalia (Mammals)
- Aves (Birds)
- Reptilia (Reptiles)
- Amphibia (Amphibians)
- Pisces (Fish)
Invertebrates: Often possess an exoskeleton or lack a backbone. Examples include:
- Cnidarians (e.g., jellyfish)
- Arthropods (e.g., insects, spiders)
- Molluscs (e.g., snails, clams)
- Worms (various phyla)
Kingdom Monera
Monera: Consists of prokaryotes (organisms lacking a true nucleus).
Plant Biology Basics
Vascularity refers to whether plants have specialized tissues (veins) for transporting water and nutrients.
- Xylem: Transports water and minerals upwards from the roots.
- Phloem: Carries glucose (food produced during photosynthesis) around the plant.