Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems

Freedom and Human Nature

Humans, though possessing instincts, are not determined by nature. Thanks to our rational capacity, we can choose among a number of possibilities. This capability is known as freedom.

However, certain factors in our behavior do not depend on us. No one chooses their birthplace, gender, or skin color. These are given to us and constitute what Ortega y Gasset called circumstances.

To be free means to be responsible for our actions and accept the consequences of our behavior. Responsibility involves attributing success to our work and accepting failures or errors. If we make a mistake, we must rectify it and accept the punishment.

Moral Norms

A norm is a pattern that governs our behavior, a rule about how we should act. For... Continue reading "Freedom, Responsibility, and Moral Norms: A Philosophical View" »

Benefits of Supplier Partnerships

• Partnering can lead to continuous improvements in key areas such as processes, products, customer-supplier relationships, and customer satisfaction.
• Spreads risks, creates team flexibility, and reduces costs.
• Internal partnering can improve relationships among employees and departments, enhancing competitiveness.

Mandatory Requirements of Supplier Partnerships

1. Supplier and buyer personnel who use the products should meet to identify and implement necessary improvements.
2. Negotiations should focus on achieving the optimal deal considering price, features, quality, and delivery, rather than solely on price.
3. The supplier's quality process should guarantee product quality, eliminating the buyer's need for inspections.
4. The

A Story of Contrasts

The film Witness, directed by Peter Weir, effectively portrays several distinct ideas, including the cultural clash between the Amish and modern society, the romance between the two protagonists, and the theme of good versus evil, highlighting corruption within the police force. These central themes, combined with effective cinematic elements, justify the film's status as a memorable cinematic experience.

The Amish and the Modern World

Witness is a thriller centered on the Amish community living in Pennsylvania. A young Amish boy, Samuel, and his widowed mother, Rachel, become caught in a clash between two worlds: the modern American society, marked by greed, violence, and corruption, and the peaceful Amish world, focused... Continue reading "Witness: A Cultural Clash and Timeless Romance" »

Educational Challenges in Spain

Nowadays in Spain, there is an educational problem. Most people do not continue with their studies, and 50% of university students leave before finishing their degree. They cannot pay the high tuition fees that the Government has established. Furthermore, there is no job to obtain financial support. To solve this issue, the Government should reduce the price of the tuition fees and make a proper distribution of scholarships because sometimes the Government gives money to people that do not need it. These changes could help many students to continue studying and find a good job to pay for their studies.

Application Letter

Mrs. ...
(School Name)
58, Cardigan Street
Oxford p56 23B

C/ Calderon de la Barca, 29
03201... Continue reading "Educational Challenges in Spain and a Job Application" »

The Cold War: A Summary

The Cold War was a long period of tension between the democracies of the Western World and the communist countries of Eastern Europe. The West was led by the United States, and Eastern Europe was led by the Soviet Union. These two countries became known as superpowers. Although the two superpowers never officially declared war on each other, they fought indirectly in proxy wars, the arms race, and the space race.

Key Events and Turning Points

The Yalta Conference

At Yalta, the future of Poland was discussed. Stalin wanted control of Poland, but the U.S. and U.K. were strongly against it. Britain pointed out that they had entered the war in defense of Poland and could not accept anything but free elections in an independent... Continue reading "Cold War: US-Soviet Tensions & Proxy Conflicts" »

Sole Proprietorship

A sole proprietorship is a business structure where an individual owns and operates the business. The owner contributes the capital, manages operations, and is solely responsible for the business's outcomes. They may work alone or employ others. This structure is the easiest to form and simplest to organize. The sole proprietor can borrow funds or utilize others' money for business purposes.

Advantages of Sole Proprietorship

Easy to Start

Forming a sole proprietorship is easier than partnerships or corporations. There are no legal formalities like agreements, memorandums of association, or articles of association.

Easy to Dissolve

Dissolving a sole proprietorship is simple, as the owner doesn't need permission from shareholders... Continue reading "Sole Proprietorship: Advantages, Disadvantages, and Characteristics" »

Business Studies

The NBER has formally affirmed that the US financial system is in a recession.

By putting into action an effective monetary policy, the Federal Reserve and the US government could uphold stable prices, thus sustaining conditions for long-standing economic expansion as well as increased employment opportunities. This study will explain how open market operations, discount rate, and reserve requirements could be utilized in order to stimulate the American economy.

Open Market Operations

Open market operations (OMOs) refer to the buying and selling of securities by a central bank in the open market to execute monetary policy. OMOs could be utilized in adjusting the supply of reserve balances in order to uphold the federal funds rate... Continue reading "Monetary Policy Tools to Revive the US Economy" »

The Human Circulatory and Respiratory Systems

Key Components and Functions

1. The Diaphragm's Role in Respiration

The diaphragm separates the thoracic cavity (containing the heart, lungs, and ribs) from the abdominal cavity. It plays a crucial role in respiration. As the diaphragm contracts, the volume of the thoracic cavity increases, drawing air into the lungs.

2. Arteries: Transporting Oxygenated Blood

Arteries are large, thick-walled, muscular blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.

• Pulmonary Arteries: Carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.
• Umbilical Arteries: Paired arteries (one for each half of the body) found in the abdominal and pelvic regions. They supply deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta

Hotel Management Agreements

Definition

A hotel management contract is an arrangement whereby a hotel's owner contracts with a separate company, or an operator, to run a hotel. The owner retains limited control over the operation of the asset, often through measurable performance standards, albeit that the owner retains more risk than if the hotel were leased to the operator.

An operator, or hotel management company, hired to run a hotel business will provide supervision, expertise, established methods and procedures, and normally also a track record of verifiable past performance. The operator runs the hotel for a fee according to specified terms negotiated with the owner.

Term

The initial term of a management contract is the length of time that... Continue reading "Hotel Management Contracts vs. Tourist Operation Leases" »

The Spanish Constitution: The Supreme Legal Text

The Spanish Constitution is the supreme legal text. It is located at the apex of the regulatory hierarchy. Constitutional rules outline the legal framework in which private relationships unfold. It was promulgated in 1978. Constitutional provisions are grouped into two categories:

1. The dogmatic part, which comprises:
   • a) The Preamble (principles and founding values)
   • b) The Preliminary Title (Articles 1-9, basic constitutional principles configuring the political and territorial model and defining identifying marks of the Spanish State)
   • c) Title I (Articles 10-55, “On Fundamental Rights and Duties”, under which fundamental rights, civil liberties, and governing principles of social and economic policies