Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Other courses

Travel and Tourism Definitions

Understanding common terms in the travel and tourism industry:

• Trip

  A journey in which you visit a place for a short time and return.

• Journey

  An act of traveling from one place to another.

• Tourism

  The activity of people traveling to different places for enjoyment.

• Traveler

  A person who travels or who often travels.

• Tourist

  A person who is traveling or visiting a place for pleasure.

• Tour

  A journey for pleasure in which several different places are visited.

• Vacation

  A period of rest taken as a holiday, for a short or long time.

• Hotel

  An establishment providing accommodation, meals, and other services for travelers and tourists.

• Taxation

  When a government or taxing authority imposes or levies a tax.

Understanding Migration Dynamics

Effects

Project Roadmap: Decentralized Space Renting on Blockchain

Creating a blockchain-based decentralized space renting project involves understanding key concepts and technologies. Here's a roadmap:

1. Blockchain Fundamentals

• Learn about blockchain technology, its principles, and how it works.
• Understand blocks, transactions, consensus mechanisms (PoW, PoS), smart contracts, and decentralization.

2. Solidity Programming

• Solidity is key for Ethereum smart contracts.
• Learn its syntax, data types, control structures, and best practices.
• Understand deployment and interaction with smart contracts on Ethereum.

3. Ethereum Platform

• Study Ethereum, a leading platform for DApps.
• Learn about Ethereum wallets, nodes, gas fees, and the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM).

To eat up – consumir, tragar-se

To give up – abandonar o rendir-se

To cut back on sth – reduir o recortar algo

To work on – treballar-hi / tratar de convencer

To turn down – rechazar

To keep up with – seguir el ritme

It isn’t everyone’s cup of tea – No a todo el mundo le gusta

To bite off more than I can chew – Morder más de lo que puedo masticar

To stuff yourself with sth – Atiborrarse de algo

It’s food for thought – algo que haria de ser pensat o tenir en compte

a broken heart – cor trencat

a heart of gold – cor d’or

a hearty meal – buena comida

from the bottom of your heart – de tot cor

good-hearted – de buen corazón

hand on heart – con la mano en el corazón

the heart of the matter – el cor del tema

To meet up

Enhance your English proficiency with this comprehensive resource covering essential vocabulary and fundamental grammar rules.

Boost Your English Vocabulary

Expand your English lexicon with practical terms covering various aspects of daily life, from personal wellbeing to global issues.

Fitness & Wellbeing Terminology

Slang:

Jerga

Cut off:

Se corta

Signed up:

Estar apuntado

Take part:

Participar

Wellbeing:

Bienestar

Drop out:

Abandonar

Sporty:

Deportista

Get through:

Llegar

Teammates:

Compañeros de equipo

Cheer:

Animar

Balanced:

Equilibrado

Set a goal:

Establecer una meta

Positive focus:

Enfoque positivo

Enrol:

Inscribirse

Get your heart rate up:

Acelerar tu ritmo cardíaco

Get in shape:

Ponerse en forma

Keep-fit:

Mantenerse en forma

Immunity:

Inmunidad

Take up:

Ocupar / Empezar

Theory of Computation

Automata Theory

Automata theory is a theoretical branch of computer science and mathematics that deals with the logic of computation using simple machines called automata. The main goal of automata theory is to develop methods for describing and analyzing the dynamic behavior of discrete systems. Automata consist of states (represented by circles) and transitions (represented by arrows).

Finite Automata

A finite automaton is an abstract computing device and a mathematical model of a system with discrete input, output, states, and a set of transitions between states that occur on input symbols from an alphabet. Finite automata are the simplest machines for pattern recognition, used to characterize regular languages, analyze... Continue reading "Theory of Computation: Automata, and Regular Expressions" »

Sports Vocabulary

• Active → actiu
• Sedentary → sedentari
• Moderate → moderat
• Motivate → motivat
• Competitive → competitiu
• Sporty → esportista
• Get through → superar algo
• Championship → campionat
• Trophy → trofeu
• Teammates → company d'equip
• Signed up → apuntat
• Take part → participar / formar part
• Events → evento
• Spectators → espectadors
• Cheer → animar
• Cheerleader → animadora
• Wellbeing → benestar
• Drop out → abandonar
• Balanced → equilibrat

Phrasal Verbs and Idioms

• Ended up → acabar o finalitzar
• Even though → aunque, a pesar de que
• Go ahead → ir, avanzar
• As well as → además de, también
• Keeps track → registrat
• For this reason → por esta razón
• In addition → además
• Work out → ejercitarse (hacer ejercicio)
• Come up with → inventarse

Improvements in 19th Century Living Conditions

• Enhanced Nutrition

  Nutrition improved, making the population more resistant to illness. This was possible thanks to advances in agriculture and changes in people's diets. Corn and potatoes became staple foods.

• Public Health Advancements

  In 1796, Edward Jenner discovered the vaccine for smallpox, a disease with a high mortality rate. New hospitals were also built during this period.

• Personal and Public Hygiene

  People began to wear cotton clothes, which were easier to wash. There was better access to clean drinking water.

• Decline in Epidemics

  Frequent in the Early Modern period, epidemics began to cause fewer deaths.

19th Century Social Classes

• The Peasantry

  In the 19th century, the majority of the population

Cooking Verbs

• add
• mix
• melt
• chop (picar)
• stir (remover)
• peel
• pour (verter)
• core (remove the center)
• roast (asar)
• heat
• simmer (fuego lento)

Key Words

• blankets (completely covered)
• wreaks havoc (causes chaos)
• swathes (large areas)
• trend
• to latch onto (become interested)
• a hunch (feeling based on knowledge)

Sounds

• squeaks (chillido / chirrido — nieve)
• rustles (crujido — hojas)
• splashes (salpicar)
• taps (golpes)
• squishes (chapotear / escurrir — barro, toalla)
• claps (palmada)
• squelches (chapotear — barro)

Phrasal Verbs

• eat up (buen apetito)
• cut back on (reduce; make something shorter)
• give up (reduce consumption; stop)
• work on (produce results; improve)
• keep up with (understand something changing)
• turn down (reject an offer)

Health Vocabulary

• digestive system
• eye infection
• health

1. The Canovas System and Its Foundations

1.1. Bases of the Canovas System

Cánovas' ideology drew inspiration from French doctrinal liberalism and Spanish moderatism. He advocated for a British-style system based on bipartisanship, where the Conservative Party and the Liberal Party would alternate in power and opposition.

This bipartisanship excluded Carlists and Republicans from the political system.

The intended peaceful alternation of power under Cánovas' system did not work as expected and became a facade. Both parties used pacts and a tacit agreement based on:

• Peaceful transfer of power
• Calling elections
• Electoral fraud

Electoral fraud involved caciquismo, encasillado, and pucherazo. Caciquismo refers to a pyramidal patronage network where high-... Continue reading "Understanding Spain's Political System: From the Canovas System to Opposition Movements" »