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DC Machine Types

Field or Parallel Shunt

• Field winding with many turns
• Small wire cross-section
• High resistance
• High inductance
• Field current is 1 to 4% of Inom

Field Series

• Low resistance
• Large cross-section
• Few turns
• Low inductance

Compound or Series and Parallel

• Part of the field is in series
• Low resistance
• Large cross-section
• Coils with few turns
• Low inductance

Independent Excitation

• Used for servo applications
• Auxiliary fields for weak-field switching
• Interpolate and is connected in series with armature
• Instability at high speeds
• Field-stabilizer used in shunting engines, connected in series with the armature

Control System

A control system is a device or group of devices used to control the operation of one or more electric machines.

Types of Diagrams

Connection

Duties of Teachers

• Diagnosis of Needs: Understanding students' individual needs and learning styles.
• Class Preparation: Organizing and managing learning situations, preparing materials for students.
• Motivation: Inspiring and engaging students in the learning process.
• Student-Centered Teaching: Focusing on the needs and progress of individual students.
• Diversity and Inclusion: Considering the diverse backgrounds and learning styles of all students.
• Classroom Management: Suggesting learning activities, guiding their implementation, presenting content with a global and interdisciplinary perspective, and maintaining discipline and order in class.
• Evaluation: Assessing student performance and providing feedback.
• Mentoring and Role Modeling: Serving as a

Strategic Management

Strategy is the set of decisions a company can take on actions to be undertaken, and the resources that can be used in these actions. However, to achieve a series of business objectives at various levels, success must be sought. All management is given a rating based on economic, technological, or social factors, and considering the possible reactions that may occur against the competitive strategies of the company.

Items

Strategic Analysis

Before defining a strategy, a set of underlying elements must be considered as the basis for good strategic management:

1. Economic, Social, Political, and Technological Environment: Influence of external factors.
2. Strategic Capacity: Weaknesses that must be avoided and strengths that must be

Kant's Transcendental Idealism

The philosophical currents of Kant's transcendental idealism. Idealism, while sounding similar to the Platonic concept of separate ideas, was not directly associated with it by Kant. Instead, Kant analyzed everything through reason, critically examining the powers of human knowledge.

Idealism, in Kant's view, posits that the subject of knowledge (the cognoscente) imposes structures or forms of knowledge (transcendental) that make experience possible. These forms transform things into subjects of knowledge. For Kant, these structures are universal and empty of content, shared by all human beings. These empty structures are filled at the moment of knowledge. The forms transform things into objects of knowledge.

Before... Continue reading "Kant's Transcendental Idealism: A Philosophical Analysis" »

1.2. Carbohydrates and Lipids: Concept, Classification, and Functions

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are biomolecules formed fundamentally by C, H, and O in the proportion C_nH_2nO_n. Hence, H and O are in the same proportion as in water (H₂O), also called hydrates of carbon. Carbohydrate molecules are chains formed by carbon atoms attached to radical groups and hydroxyl (OH) groups. There may be an alcoholic or a carbonyl group; this group may be an aldehyde (gluc aldose) or a ketone (gluc ketonic). For this reason, they are defined as polyhydroxyaldehydes or polyhydroxyketones.

Classification:

Carbohydrates are classified in two forms:

1. According to the functional group they possess:
   • Ketoses: if they have ketone groups.
   • Aldoses: if they have aldehyde groups.

The Nature of Reality

1) Common Sense Realism: There is a real, external world perceived through our senses and analyzed by science.

2) Skepticism: Our senses may not provide a reliable picture of the outside world, sometimes deceiving us with illusions.

3) Idealism: When we analyze the world, we only have our ideas about it. There is only the universe of our minds and perceptions.

4) Phenomenalism: It is not possible to provide a general picture of the world. The real world is the set of sensory phenomena and perceptions.

Metaphysics

Metaphysics is the study of the fundamental features of reality and being.

Metaphysical Traits

1) Knowledge of Principles: Metaphysics analyzes the first principles of reality, from which all other principles are derived,... Continue reading "Understanding Reality: Metaphysics, God, and the World" »

Xenophanes

Xenophanes: After the Persians destroyed his hometown, he fled to Greece and traveled extensively, including visits to Elea. He was a singer who used satire in his work. He argued that anthropomorphism does not support religion and advocated a form of pantheism, stating that God and the cosmos are the same. According to him, God is unique, eternal, and immobile despite all the changes. His concept of Arche is the foundation and cause of all things. He attributed the cause of fossils to the fluctuations of sea levels.

The Pythagoreans

The Pythagoreans: Born in Samos, they moved to Crotona. The driving force behind their philosophy was the desire to save their immortal soul and escape the divine cycle of reincarnations. To free the soul... Continue reading "Pre-Socratic Philosophers: Xenophanes, Pythagoreans, and Heraclitus" »

Federico García Lorca: Life, Work, and Social Context

1. Work and Social Context

Status of the Author in His Time

Federico García Lorca, a renowned Spanish poet and playwright, was born in Fuente Vaqueros in 1898. His childhood was spent in a rural setting, and he later studied at a college in Almería. He pursued higher education at the University of Granada, where he befriended Manuel de Falla. Falla exercised great influence on Lorca, communicating his love for folklore and popular culture. After 1919, Lorca moved to Madrid, where he met prominent figures. He devoted himself not only to poetry but also to music and drawing, and he became increasingly interested in theater. He traveled to New York, and upon his return, he became the director... Continue reading "Federico García Lorca: Life, Work, and The House of Bernarda Alba" »

Early 18th Century: Imported Fairy Tales

The early 18th century saw the import of fairy tales from France, mirroring the 19th-century trend with German tales. Louis XIV's court favored literary folk tales. Charles Perrault's collections, including Histories or Tales of Past Times (1729), introduced English readers to Red Riding Hood, Puss in Boots, and Cinderella.

Shifting Educational Goals

Children's reading objectives evolved from religious education to social education. By the 19th century, the focus shifted to social advancement through practical knowledge.

Key Changes in the 18th Century

Emphasis on Children's Education

The growing middle class recognized children's need for education and enjoyment.

Social Education

Adults prioritized a sheltered... Continue reading "Evolution of Children's Literature in the 18th Century" »

The Social Conflict

The social movement of opposition in the 60s and 70s saw a significant increase in labor disputes in areas such as Asturias, Barcelona, Madrid, and Valencia. The Franco authorities considered any protest a problem of public order and responded with repressive methods. The UGT union had some illegal activity, while the CNT had disappeared. In 1964, the Workers' Commissions (CCOO), an independent democratic trade union, was born, promoting labor and political struggle. This organization combined illegal actions, such as strikes with notice, and participation in the elections for the Francoist trade union structure. In 1967, a group of trade unionists linked to the Young Christian Workers separated from the CCOO and founded... Continue reading "Social and Political Opposition to Francoism: 1960s-1970s" »