Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of Other courses

Decoding Marketing Promotions

Weather: Refers to the various phenomena occurring in the atmosphere of Earth or another planet.

Climate: Represents the set of mean values of weather conditions that characterize a region. These average values are obtained by collecting weather information over a sufficiently long period.

When discussing the world, an area or region, or a particular locality, we refer to global climate, zonal, regional, or local climate (microclimate), respectively.

Factors Modifying Climate

• Latitude: The angular distance between the Equator and a point on the planet. Latitude is measured in degrees (°), between 0 and 90, and can be represented as positive (North) or negative (South).
• Altitude: The vertical distance from a given origin, typically the average sea

Balance Sheet

Assets

A) Non-Current Assets

• Intangible Assets:
  • Research and Development
  • Industrial Property
  • Goodwill
  • Computer Applications
  • (- Accumulated Amortization of Intangible Assets)
• Tangible Fixed Assets:
  • Land and Buildings
  • Machinery
  • Transportation Components
  • Equipment
  • Information Processing
  • Furniture
  • (- Accumulated Amortization of Tangible Assets)
• Investments in Group Companies
• Long-Term Financial Investments:
  • Long-Term Credits
  • Long-Term Investments in Equity Instruments

B) Current Assets

• Stocks:
  • Merchandise
  • Raw Materials and Supplies
  • Work in Progress
  • Finished Products
  • Advances to Suppliers
• Accounts Receivable:
  • Customers
  • Trade Bills Receivable
  • Discounted Trade Bills
  • Trade Bills Receivable Under Management
  • Outstanding Commercial Effects
  • Other Receivables from Social

The French Revolution: A Transformative Era

The question was important: what was at stake was the idea of national sovereignty. The monarch and part of the nobility only accepted the dual representation, and the deputies of the Third Estate were erected in the National Assembly and pledged to draw up a constitution that reflected the will of the majority of the French.

The End of the Old Regime

The people of Paris supported the representatives of the Third Estate in the streets. They assaulted the Bastille, took up arms, and were available to defend the revolutionary process by force. The revolution also extended to the field in the form of an anti-feudal rebellion (The Great Fear). Given the popular radicalization, the National Constituent Assembly... Continue reading "French Revolution: From Monarchy to Republic" »

Biography of Alfred Nobel

Alfred Nobel was born into a family of engineers. When he was nine years old, his family moved to Russia, where he and his brothers received an excellent education in natural sciences and humanities. He spent much of his youth in St. Petersburg, where his father installed an arms factory, which went bankrupt in 1859.

He returned to Sweden in 1863, completing the investigations there that had begun in the field of explosives: in 1863, he created a detonator controlled by the explosions of nitroglycerin (invented in 1846 by the Italian Ascanio Sobrero). In 1865, he perfected the system with a detonator of mercury, and in 1867, he created dynamite, a plastic explosive resulting from nitroglycerin absorbed in a porous solid... Continue reading "Alfred Nobel: Biography of the Inventor of Dynamite" »

Plato: Life and Times

Plato was born around 428/427 BC and died in 347 BC in Athens. He was educated in the Spartan model. A disciple of Socrates, he witnessed his death. With the intention of combining philosophy and its application to policy, he left Athens and traveled to Egypt, where he assimilated mathematics. He also traveled to Megara and Syracuse, where he met Dion, who became his student. He founded the Academy in Athens, where he spent his last years, teaching music, mathematics, and the possibility of attaining absolute truth.

Political Vocation

Plato began searching for the ideal government because democracy was triumphant. Socrates' philosophical idealism clashed with the authorities, causing his unjust death. This drove Plato to... Continue reading "Plato's Life, Philosophy, and Impact" »

Soccer Field Dimensions

Pitch Length

• 90x120 meters

Pitch Width

• 45x90 meters

International Pitch Length

• 100x110 meters

International Pitch Width

• 64x75 meters

Goal Area

Extends with two lines perpendicular to the goal line, 5.5 meters from the inside of each goalpost.

Penalty Area

Extends with two lines perpendicular to the goal line, 16.5 meters from the inside of each post.

Goal Specifications

Goal Size

7.32 meters wide x 2.44 meters high.

Soccer Ball Regulations

Ball Material

Spherical, made of leather or other suitable material.

Circumference

Between 68 cm and 70 cm.

Weight

Between 410g and 450g.

Pressure

0.6-1.1 atmospheres at sea level.

Application of the Advantage Rule

The referee may allow play to continue if a foul occurs, considering:

• The severity of the infraction.

Fascism in Italy

Fascism arose in Italy due to widespread dissatisfaction with government policies after World War I and the prevailing economic and social instability. Fascists aimed to combat communism, directly intervening in social life and suppressing individual freedoms. Led by Benito Mussolini, Fascism proposed land reform to address economic and social issues.

Nazism in Germany

Nazism was a German political movement that emerged during a critical period of instability after World War I, when the government was unable to resolve the nation's problems. Led by Adolf Hitler, the Nazi party advocated for racial supremacy and the establishment of an authoritarian regime to eradicate communism. Nazism asserted that one man should hold absolute... Continue reading "Rise of Fascism, Nazism, and Communism: Causes and Impacts" »

Medieval Prose Fiction in Portugal

Prose fiction encompasses two narrative cycles: the Matter of Britain and the Matter of Troy, as well as several hagiographic texts (lives of saints).

Matter of Britain

The Matter of Britain (Breton cycle) consists of texts based on the story of Brittany that circulated throughout Europe from the 12th to the 18th centuries. The stories revolve around King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table. Three main parts are preserved:

• Joseph of Arimathea: Tells the story of the Jew who collected the blood of Christ in the chalice used at the Last Supper (the Holy Grail), and God's mandate to take it to Britain.
• Merlin: Presents the prophecies of this magician, announcing the arrival of new times and a knight who will

Warranties of Detention

The rights of detainees begin from the time of their arrest. Preventive detention may last no longer than strictly necessary to clarify the facts. In any case, the maximum duration is 72 hours, within which the detainee must be released or made available to the judicial authority. In terrorism cases, this period is extended to 5 days, and in cases of siege, up to 10 days.

When officials come to arrest, police must inform the detainee of the facts alleged against them, the reasons for their deprivation of liberty, and their constitutional rights. These rights are enshrined in Article 520 of the Code of Criminal Procedure:

• Right to remain silent: The detainee is not obligated to make a statement.
• Right not to self-incriminate: