Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of Other courses

WRITING

In Peru, we have a holiday called The Vendimia International Festival. Its main purpose is to promote the wine culture concentrated in the southern region of Peru. The festival is celebrated during March.

This festivity is a tradition to celebrate and give thanks for the fertile lands. Before the festival starts, different producers allow the public to enter their vineyards, giving tourists and visitors a special experience where they can enjoy learning about the process of making pisco and wine. Many people travel to their hometowns to spend The Vendimia International Festival with their families.

During the festival, a Queen is chosen. After this, there is a great parade before the winner is finally chosen after a short walk down the... Continue reading "The Vendimia International Festival: Celebrating Peru's Wine Culture" »

SQL Cheat Sheet

Insert Data

INSERT INTO tabla(col1,col2) VALUES(val2,val2)
INSERT INTO tabla SET col1='va1',col2='val2'
INSERT INTO ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE ...
REPLACE INTO tabla VALUES ...

Update Data

UPDATE tabla SET col1='val1' WHERE ...
UPDATE tabla SET col1=(SELECT ...)

Delete Data

DELETE FROM tabla WHERE cond

Transactions

TRANSACTIONS:
START TRANSACTION;
INSERT INTO ...;
SAVEPOINT prueba;
INSERT INTO ...;
ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT prueba;
SET autocommit=0;
COMMIT;

Locking

LOCK TABLES tabla1 WRITE, tabla2 WRITE;
UNLOCK TABLES;

Stored Procedures

CREATE PROCEDURE nombre()
BEGIN
DECLARE a INT;
SELECT x INTO a ...;
END;
CALL procedure();

Functions

CREATE FUNCTION nombre(m VARCHAR(255))
RETURNS INT
BEGIN
DECLARE existe INT DEFAULT 1;
DECLARE tot, k INT;
DECLARE cur_1 CURSOR... Continue reading "SQL Cheat Sheet: Commands, Syntax, and Examples" »

Vocabulary Words and Sentences

1. auspicious – (adj.) favorable; promising; conducive to success

Key Statistical Concepts

Variables

Categorical (Qualitative) Variables: Represent characteristics or qualities. Examples include race and gender.

Quantitative Variables: Represent numerical values that differ in magnitude.

Scales of Measurement

• Nominal: Unordered categories.
• Ordinal: Ordered categories.
• Interval: Equal intervals between values.

Data Visualization

Frequency: Displays the possible values of a variable and the number of times each occurs.

Histogram: A bar graph of frequencies or percentages. Shapes can be bell-shaped, skewed, or bimodal.

Box Plot: Displays the distribution of data, including median, quartiles, and outliers.

Scatter Plot: Shows the relationship between two variables.

Distribution

• For symmetric distributions, the mean equals

Neoliberal Industrial Policy: From Vertical to Horizontal Measures and Structural Reforms

The Rise of Neoliberalism (1970s Onward)

In the wake of a shrinking working class, industrial policy underwent a significant shift from the 1980s onward, beginning in the late 1970s with Margaret Thatcher in the UK and Ronald Reagan in the US. This shift was characterized by a move away from vertical policies towards horizontal measures and structural reforms, such as labor market and services reform.

By 1982, the debt crisis forced Latin American countries to open their economies and embrace neoliberal policies, marking the end of the Third World project. Export-oriented industrialization was promoted, and foreign transnational corporations (TNCs) gained... Continue reading "The Shift from Vertical to Horizontal Industrial Policy: A Historical Perspective" »

Formal Letter Opening:

(FORMAL LETTER) OPENING: I would like to apply for one of the scholarships I saw advertised in your prospectus. (applying for a scholarship) / I am looking for an outdoor work during the summer holidays and I would like to apply for the position of hotel lifeguard assistant which I saw advertised in my university's student newspaper. (applying for a job) / I have seen your advertisement for the post / vacancy / job of… advertised in the local newspaper on 16 June. I am writing because I would like to apply for the job. (applying for a job) / I am the secretary of my college Science Club. I saw your advertisement for the exhibition 'The Next 100 Years' and I am interested in organizing a group visit. I was wondering if... Continue reading "Formal Letter Opening, Asking Politely, Complaining, and Closing" »

Night Driving and Visibility

When driving at night, which lights should you be using?

You should be able to stop within the distance you can see ahead.

When driving in fog, what lights are best?

• Low beams, or
• Fog lights

Positioning and Signaling

Where should you position your car to make a left turn from a two-way street?

Use the lane nearest the center of the road.

When should you use your horn?

• When coming out of a dark alley.

Intersection Rules

What should be done if two cars enter an uncontrolled intersection simultaneously?

The driver to the left must yield to the driver on the right.

What is good practice when nearing an intersection?

• Slow down and be prepared to stop.

Road Markings

Where would yellow center lines usually be found?

On a two-way road (no... Continue reading "Essential Road Safety and Driving Practices" »

Introduction

What is a Project?

A project is a single, complex, unique task that is limited in costs and time and has predefined goals and assigned resources. It starts from an idea that needs to be prepared and planned, then performed to achieve a goal within a fixed cost/time/quality arrangement. A project is a temporary enterprise, characterized by a high intensity of human and material resources, unique aims, unique participants, and unique tools.

Project Participants

Direct Participants:

• Client
• Designer (Architect, Structural Engineer, Civil Engineer, Mechanical Engineer, Electrical Engineer)
• Contractor (General Contractor, Subcontractors)

Indirect Participants:

• Authorities (Public Services)
• Financing Organizations
• Insurance Companies

External Participants:

How close to a fire hydrant can you park?

• 6 inches or less.

When will you be given a proposed license suspension notice?

• After receiving 12 points.

What is the stopping distance on a dry road at 50mph?

• 243 feet.

What is the penalty for driving with a suspended license (first offense)?

• A fine of $500 and up to 6 months additional suspension.

What are the penalties for driving without insurance?

• Suspension of driver's license and registration, and fines.

Up to 3 points may be subtracted from your record if you receive no moving violations for how long?

• One year.

What is the penalty for refusing the breath test (first offense)?

• 6 months suspension.

Serious accidents causing death, injury, or $200 damage must be reported within 5 days to?

• A division of motor