Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of Other courses

1. Non-Volatile Memory

Non-volatile memory retains stored information even when not powered. It is used for secondary storage or long-term persistent storage. Examples include:

• CD
• Hard Disk (similar reading and writing time)
• Solid-State Drive (SSD): No moving mechanical components, no difference for sequential vs. random reading, but a significant difference between reading and writing.
• ROM
• Flash Memory
• Magnetic Tape: Natural sequential reading and writing, suitable for backups.

2. File System

A file is a contiguous logical address space that can be written to, read from, opened, closed, and deleted. It has the following attributes:

• Name
• Unique ID
• Type
• Location
• Size
• Protection
• Date

Information about files is stored in file system structures.

3. Directory

A directory... Continue reading "File Systems: Structure, Management, and Optimization" »

It is said that using computers and the internet develops important skills in young people, and that makes them more concentrated in doing different things at the same time. It seems to me that the majority of young people have more skills than the previous generation, and they are so used to hearing and investigating different kinds of electronic machines. To start with, the use of computers and the internet can improve skills like logic, reasoning, motor skills, coordination, etc. It depends on what kind of use the young people give to the computer. For instance, the young people who usually play games develop many of these skills, especially those related to coordination. Another case would be young people who use social networks; they enhance... Continue reading "Developing Skills with Computers and the Internet in Youth" »

Government Financial Reporting

Governments combine blended components into both fund and government-wide (GW) statements.

Emotions Vocabulary

• Excited - Emocionado
• Funny - Divertido
• Lonely - Solitario
• Nervous - Nervioso
• Relaxed - Relajado
• Surprised - Sorprendido
• Tired - Cansado

Food Vocabulary

• Beans - Alubias
• Carrots - Zanahoria
• Cheese - Queso
• Chicken - Pollo
• Chilli sauce - Salsa picante
• Crunchy - Crujiente
• Healthy - Sano
• Pepper - Pimiento
• Salt - Sal
• Spicy - Comida picante
• Sugar - Azúcar
• Sweet - Dulce
• Tasty - Sabroso
• Yoghurt - Yogurt

Adjectives

• Acceptable - Aceptable
• Badly-behaved - Mal comportamiento
• Common - Común
• Compulsory - Obligatorio
• Direct - Directo
• Dishonest - Deshonesto
• Easy-going - Extrovertido
• Fair - Justicia
• Familiar - Familiar
• Honest - Honesto
• Indirect - Indirecto
• Rare - Raro
• Strict - Estricto
• Unacceptable - Inaceptable
• Unfair - Injusticia
• Unfamiliar - Infamiliar
• Voluntary - Voluntario
• Well-

1. Cookies: Temporary data stored on the client-side, encrypted if SSL is used.

2. Types of Certificates:

• Site
• Personal
• Software Vendor
• Anonymous

3. Identity: Used for:

• Authentication
• Accountability
• Identifying principle

4. Principal: A unique identity. Identity is used to identify the principal, which is a computer representation of an entity.

5. Goals of a Certificate Regarding Identity: To bind the correct identity to a distinguished name.

6. Malicious Logic: A set of instructions that cause a site's security policy to be violated.

7. Predictable Computer Usage Patterns: Yes, my usage is statistically predictable. I often work from home, so the patterns between work and home are similar. I check email, run the browser, run Visual Studio, NetBeans, a... Continue reading "Security Essentials: Certificates, Identity, and Access Control" »

Four Servers Reside in the DMZ

• Mail
• WWW
• DNS
• Log Servers

DMZ Mail Server (a Separate Machine)

When an Email Message is Received from the Internet:

1. Reassembles the message.
2. Checks for malicious content.
3. Changes the addresses of the outer firewall (which is how the mail server is known to the outside world) to that of the internal mail server and forwards the mail to the internal mail server.

To Send a Message from the Internal Network to the Internet:

1. Reassembles the message.
2. Checks for malicious content (and maybe for proprietary information).
3. All internal addresses are replaced with "drib.org" (the name of the outside firewall).

DMZ WWW Server (a Separate Machine)

• Does not contact any servers or information sources on the internal network and it contains

SBQ: United Nations

1. UNGA

• Characteristics

> 193 members with one vote each → equality

> Tendency for voting groups/blocs/alliances, especially with superpower rivalry

> Composition of members will determine if a resolution is passed

> Struggle for power between the GA and SC in issues of peace and security

• 45-60: pro-West (Cold War context)

> Growth of GA

> Accelerating decolonization

> Increased influence, bypassing SC with Uniting for Peace Resolution in 1950

> Can recommend the use of force

> Easier for the US to push its own agendas

• 65-91: anti-West (↑ Third World, decolonization, pro-Soviet)

> 3rd world own agenda, members were unstable, poor & socially divided

• Post 1991: open universal membership

> Marginalization... Continue reading "Understanding the United Nations: Key Bodies and Functions" »