Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Law & Jurisprudence

Understanding Core Criminal Law Concepts

Formal Criminal Law

Formal legal norms define and regulate specific human behaviors. These norms are extensive and visible, outlining the legal aspects that are proper and exclusive to certain actions. Formal criminal law specifically identifies human behaviors (crimes and misdemeanors) that result in a unique legal effect, namely the imposition of a penalty or security measure by the Criminal Law (DP).

Substantive Criminal Law

Substantive criminal law is an autonomous sector of the legal system, belonging to public law. It protects fundamental interests of individuals and the community by threatening or imposing punishment for behaviors that endanger these interests. It documents behaviors that go against... Continue reading "Fundamental Concepts in Criminal Law" »

MENTION THE PURPOSE OF AUDIT RESOURCES HUMANOS

Examine the area either generally or specifically for the purposes VERIFY COMPLIANCE WITH THE GUIDELINES ESTABLISHED POLICY SUCH AS: OBJECTIVES, policies, procedures, systems, regulations, CONTRACT, CIRCULAR, LEGAL. WINGS ON SOCIAL SECURITY, VIVIENDA AND SAVINGS, AS WELL AS THE WORK CLIMATE ETC.

MENTION THE PURPOSE OF AUDIT OF ABASTECIMIENTOS

IS CONSIDERED IN THE AREA GENERALLY OR SPECIFIC TO VERIFY THE EFFECT OF COMPLIANCE POLICY GUIDELINES FOR SUU ESTABLISHED ADMO OPTIMA AND GET PRODUCTS, GOODS OR SERVICES IN THE BEST CONDITIONS FOR ORG.

ASPECTS MENTIONED IN THE DECLARATION OF COMUNICACIÓN

CLARA.DIRECTA, FRONT AND CONVINCING.

SHOWS HOW YOUR AUDITOR PROFESIONALISMO

SHARE YOUR COMMENTS WHEN STAFF OF

1. What is a Conciliatory Commission?

For certain administrative disputes, the legislature has created special courts. For example, the Conciliatory Commission for Public Works Concessions settles claims and disputes between public works concessionaires and the Ministry of Public Works (Article 35 of the Concessions Law (DFL 164 of 1991)). The concessionaire may also choose to file a claim before the Court of Appeals of Santiago.

2. What is the Special Court of Appeals?

The Special Court of Appeals hears appeals of decisions made by the Regional Director of the Internal Revenue Service regarding real property valuation claims (Article 121 of the Tax Code). A controversial issue has been whether the Regional Director is considered a judge for tax... Continue reading "Special Courts and Administrative Appeals in Chile" »

Constitución de 1812: Características

• División de poderes:
  • Poder Ejecutivo: Recae en el rey y sus ministros, con poderes limitados. El rey tiene Cortes. El gobierno por el Directorio participa en la elaboración de leyes.
  • Poder Legislativo: Recae en unas Cortes unicamerales, elegidas cada dos años por sufragio universal.
  • Poder Judicial: Los tribunales ejercen este poder.
• Amplia declaración de derechos y libertades: igualdad ante la ley, inviolabilidad del domicilio, libertad de imprenta, libertad de expresión, etc.
• Religión de Estado: La religión católica es la oficial y el Estado se compromete a mantenerla.
• Forma de gobierno: Monarquía constitucional.
• Funciones de las Cortes: Elaboración de leyes, votación de presupuestos, intervienen

The Ius Commune diffused across various European territories without displacing existing laws. This diffusion was influenced by political factors, initially linked to the idea of a medieval empire reborn from the 11th century. Commentators reconstructed the figure of the emperor. The Ius Commune, essentially Roman and Canon law of the late medieval and modern Europe, primarily consists of 12th-century legal thought.

Key Features of the Ius Commune

1. It encompasses both legislation and case law, emphasizing interpretation.
2. It is casuistic, oriented towards practical solutions.
3. It is a law of lawyers, a legal jurisprudence that solves issues for judges through legal interpretation. It is a law of jurists, not controlled by political power. It differs

Introduction

This document explores the legal framework governing agricultural relations in Mexico, focusing on the interplay between individuals and collectives concerning land ownership and usage. It traces the evolution of agrarian law from pre-Columbian times to the modern era.

Key Subjects and Concepts

Individual Subjects

• Ejidatario: A member of an ejido, holding rights to use and benefit from communal land.
• Comunero: A member of a community with similar land rights as an ejidatario.
• Sucesores: Successors or heirs to land rights.
• Poseedor: Individual in possession of land, working it and recognized by the assembly.
• Libre avecindado: Resident over 18 years old, living in the community for at least one year and recognized by the assembly.
• Vecino:

Legal Claim Filing Requirements

According to Article 340, a legal claim must state:

1. Court Jurisdiction: The statement of the court before which the application is proposed.
2. Parties' Identification: The full name, surname, and address of both the applicant (plaintiff) and the defendant, along with their legal capacity or role.
3. Legal Entity Details: If the plaintiff or defendant is a legal person, the application must contain its name or business name and data relating to its creation or registration.
4. Purpose and Object of the Claim: The purpose of the claim, which must be accurately determined. This includes indicating the location and boundaries for immovable property; marks, colors, or indicia for self-propelled vehicles; signs, signals, and features

Evolution of Mexico's Public Ministry

Early Foundations: Lares Act and 1855 Law

The Lares Act of 1853, aside from establishing a tax "to be heard in criminal cases," first constitutionally mentioned the office of the Attorney General. This office held a rank similar to that of a Minister of the Supreme Court, with functions—movable at the will of the Executive Branch—to intervene in defense of national interests. Subsequently, the Law on Administration of Justice, issued by President Juan Álvarez in 1855, instituted two prosecutors as members of the Supreme Court.

1917 Constitution: Defining the Public Ministry

The true conception of what is now known as the "institution of the Public Ministry" is found in the 1917 Constitution. This constitution... Continue reading "Mexican Public Ministry: Origins and Constitutional Role" »

Hart's Theory: Order Sum Rules

Hart's theory distinguishes between primary and secondary rules. The first organized secondary rule gives unity. Recognition determines the characteristics that a standard should have to be considered as such. This is manifested in the everyday activity of judges.

Pre-existing Questions and Circularity

There are no problems with the circularity of the rule. To know who the judges are, one needs to know the rule of award, and this requires unity of the rule of recognition.

Plurality of Rules

It is not clear whether there are one or several rules. Principles are not identified, but are instead identified by axiological values.

Consistency

Consistency is the absence of antinomies, where two norms regulating the same course... Continue reading "Hart's Theory, Legal Consistency, Completeness, and Duty" »

English Conditional Sentences

Conditional Sentences:

Type 1: Present Simple + Future Simple

This conditional expresses a condition that is likely to occur. The structure is: if + present simple, future simple. This indicates that if the condition is met, the result will happen. You can also use modal verbs or imperatives in the result clause.

Example: If I feel better later, we will go shopping together.

Type 2: Past Simple + Would + Verb

This type expresses hypothetical conditions referring to the present, which are unlikely to occur. Could and might can also be used.

Example: I would read more books if I had spare time.

Type 3: Past Perfect + Would Have + Past Participle

This conditional refers to something impossible in the past that cannot be changed.... Continue reading "Understanding English Conditional Sentences and Modal Verbs" »