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L541: Corporate Finance Law and Business Planning

Prof. Karen E. Woody
Assistant Professor of Business Law & Ethics
Fall 2016

•Section 11 of the Securities Act of 1933

-An underwriter is liable for errors in the entire registration statement

-As an expert, an auditor is liable only for that part of a registration statement for which the auditor has issued an opinion about the financial statements

•Auditors (experts) may raise due diligence defense

-Compliance with GAAS and GAAP required

•Underwriters may also raise a due diligence defense:

-For parts of registration statement contributed by experts, underwriter may rely on expert opinion

-For remainder, the underwriter must prove a reasonable investigation, after which s/

The hero: he will restore the world (fertility, Justice, or harmony to the kingdom)
Young person from the provinces: this hero is Taken away and he need to come back home
The Initiates: This heroes are young and prior to The quest, must endure some training
Mentors: this teaches to the initiates they teach To survive this quest.
Hunting Group of Companions:this companions are willing to face any Number of perils in order to be together

State the Difference Between a Negotiable Instrument and a Contract of Assignment

Negotiation

Negotiation implies the transfer of a negotiable instrument that takes place to make the transferee the holder of the instrument. It has effect by mere delivery in the case of a bearer instrument and endorsement and delivery in the case of an order instrument. The transferee has the right to sue the third party in his/her own name.

Assignment

Assignment alludes to the transfer of ownership of the negotiable instrument, in which the assignee gets the rights to receive the amount due on the instrument from the prior parties. It has effect by a written document duly signed by the transferor. The assignee does not have the right to sue third parties in his... Continue reading "Negotiable Instruments: Key Concepts and Definitions" »

Introduction

Defamation is a complex area of law that intersects both tort and criminal law. The core principle behind defamation law is the protection of an individual's reputation, status, and profession from unjustified attacks. This principle has led to the establishment of legal actions against those who make harmful and untrue statements about others.

Meanings

Defamation refers to the act of damaging someone's reputation by making false statements about them, either verbally or in writing.

Relevant Provisions

Defamation is addressed in Sections 499 and 500 of the Pakistan Penal Code (PPC) 1860.

Definition

Defamation occurs when a person makes or publishes any statement, whether spoken, written, or through signs or representations, with the intention... Continue reading "Understanding Defamation Law: Protecting Your Reputation" »

TEXT TYPOLOGY

What is a text? A language unit, spoken or written, with different sizes, communicative functions, social purposes, types, genres, and linguistic features.

Narrative Texts

To tell a story.

• Sequences of events and time
• Fictional or nonfictional
• Narrator: first person (protagonist or witness) or third person (omniscient)

Examples: Myths, fairy tales, stories, science fiction, historical fiction, novels, newspaper reports.

Grammatical features: Dynamic verbs, nouns, adjectives, adverbs, adverbials, and adverb clauses.

Scaffold: 1. Orientation: who, when, where is happening. 2. Complication: Triggers a series of events. 3. Sequence of events: characters react to the complication. 4. Resolution: Problem is solved. 5. Coda: Moral to the story.... Continue reading "Understanding Different Types of Texts: Narrative, Descriptive, Instructive, Argumentative, and Expository" »

1. Introduction

2. Relevant Provisions

3. Meaning of Hurt

4. Definition of Hurt u/ Sec 322(1)

5. Kinds of Hurt

I. Itlaf-udw

i.

Express difference between appearance and reality: it may seem, on the surface, apparently    To conclude: to sum up , all in all, all things considered, in conclusion , on the whole, taking everything into account, as was previously stated. Introduction: the aim of this report is to outline to make some recommendations …

stems for an introduction To understand the role of ... (your topic*) this essay aims to provide a discussion of ... (the ideas you will develop) ----This essay seeks to investigate/evaluate/illustrate/discuss the impact of ... (your topic) in relation to ... (the ideas you will develop) ---Firstly, this assignment examines ... (your topic) and its links with ... (your first idea) Next, it closely examines ... In relation... Continue reading "Brundthlan Report" »

Abetment of a thing

(ii)Engages with one or more other person or persons in any conspiracy for the doing of that thing, if an act or illicit oversight happens in pursuance of that conspiracy and in order to the doing of that thing; or

Abetment

Abetment can be committed only when there is positive evidence of either instigation or conspiracy or intentional aid. If none of these three elements stated above is available then abetment does not stand proved. Therefore, mere presence at the scene of the offence would not be sufficient to make out a case of abetment. NLR

17th Century: Time Drafts and Promissory Notes

C. Instruments were developed

• The Time Draft

  The time draft was the first development. This type allowed a stated period of time before payment was due. A seller of goods could draw such a draft on the buyer, who would then sign it. By signing the draft, the buyer engaged to pay it when it became due. If the seller did not want to finance the sale by holding the draft until the due date, the seller could transfer it to a lender for less than its face value. The lender could then be paid the face amount of the draft by presenting it to the buyer for payment on the maturity date. The time draft served both as a credit instrument and to transmit funds.

• The Promissory Note

  The promissory note appeared secondly