Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of Law & Jurisprudence

Vocabulary Words and Sentences

1. auspicious – (adj.) favorable; promising; conducive to success

Direct Taxes

India has entered into Double Taxation Avoidance Agreements (DTAA) with 65 countries, including the US. In case of countries with which India has a DTAA, the tax rates are determined by such agreements.
Domestic corporations are granted credit on foreign tax paid by them while calculating tax liability in India. In the case of the US, dividends are taxed at 20%, interest income at 15%, and royalties at 15%.

Indirect Taxes

Excise Duty

The manufacture of goods in India attracts Excise Duty under the Central Excise Act 1944 and the Central Excise Tariff Act 1985. Herein, the term"Manufactur" means bringing into existence a new article having a distinct name, character, use, and marketability, and includes packing and labeling.
Most products... Continue reading "Tax System in India: Direct and Indirect Taxes Explained" »

Using Internet

In the last years, technology breakthroughs have hardly come up so quickly that we have been able to take ourselves in them, but young people are different and the youngest ones have understood these new forms of communication very fast.

They can spend hours on their computers and, moreover, when they are not at home, they can walk on the street while typing on their phones, which could be amazing or scary depending on the beholder.

For them, it’s terrific how quickly they are able to connect with their friends, to be always in touch with them, to hear their latest news at the same moment they are taking place.

In my opinion, they seem to have lost the art of making conversation. It’s difficult for them to speak with other people

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L541: Corporate Finance Law and Business Planning

Prof. Karen E. Woody
Assistant Professor of Business Law & Ethics
Fall 2016

•Section 11 of the Securities Act of 1933

-An underwriter is liable for errors in the entire registration statement

-As an expert, an auditor is liable only for that part of a registration statement for which the auditor has issued an opinion about the financial statements

•Auditors (experts) may raise due diligence defense

-Compliance with GAAS and GAAP required

•Underwriters may also raise a due diligence defense:

-For parts of registration statement contributed by experts, underwriter may rely on expert opinion

-For remainder, the underwriter must prove a reasonable investigation, after which s/

The hero: he will restore the world (fertility, Justice, or harmony to the kingdom)
Young person from the provinces: this hero is Taken away and he need to come back home
The Initiates: This heroes are young and prior to The quest, must endure some training
Mentors: this teaches to the initiates they teach To survive this quest.
Hunting Group of Companions:this companions are willing to face any Number of perils in order to be together

State the Difference Between a Negotiable Instrument and a Contract of Assignment

Negotiation

Negotiation implies the transfer of a negotiable instrument that takes place to make the transferee the holder of the instrument. It has effect by mere delivery in the case of a bearer instrument and endorsement and delivery in the case of an order instrument. The transferee has the right to sue the third party in his/her own name.

Assignment

Assignment alludes to the transfer of ownership of the negotiable instrument, in which the assignee gets the rights to receive the amount due on the instrument from the prior parties. It has effect by a written document duly signed by the transferor. The assignee does not have the right to sue third parties in his... Continue reading "Negotiable Instruments: Key Concepts and Definitions" »

Introduction

Defamation is a complex area of law that intersects both tort and criminal law. The core principle behind defamation law is the protection of an individual's reputation, status, and profession from unjustified attacks. This principle has led to the establishment of legal actions against those who make harmful and untrue statements about others.

Meanings

Defamation refers to the act of damaging someone's reputation by making false statements about them, either verbally or in writing.

Relevant Provisions

Defamation is addressed in Sections 499 and 500 of the Pakistan Penal Code (PPC) 1860.

Definition

Defamation occurs when a person makes or publishes any statement, whether spoken, written, or through signs or representations, with the intention... Continue reading "Understanding Defamation Law: Protecting Your Reputation" »

TEXT TYPOLOGY

What is a text? A language unit, spoken or written, with different sizes, communicative functions, social purposes, types, genres, and linguistic features.

Narrative Texts

To tell a story.

• Sequences of events and time
• Fictional or nonfictional
• Narrator: first person (protagonist or witness) or third person (omniscient)

Examples: Myths, fairy tales, stories, science fiction, historical fiction, novels, newspaper reports.

Grammatical features: Dynamic verbs, nouns, adjectives, adverbs, adverbials, and adverb clauses.

Scaffold: 1. Orientation: who, when, where is happening. 2. Complication: Triggers a series of events. 3. Sequence of events: characters react to the complication. 4. Resolution: Problem is solved. 5. Coda: Moral to the story.... Continue reading "Understanding Different Types of Texts: Narrative, Descriptive, Instructive, Argumentative, and Expository" »

1. Introduction

2. Relevant Provisions

3. Meaning of Hurt

4. Definition of Hurt u/ Sec 322(1)

5. Kinds of Hurt

I. Itlaf-udw

i.