Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Law & Jurisprudence

Basic Law: Human Dignity and Liberty

Ensures freedom of movement for Israelis into and out of the country.

Separation Fence Impact on Palestinian Farms

The court will rule that injuries caused by the fence are disproportionate to the security benefit; the fence has to be rerouted.

Ministry of Education Special Grants to Jewish Schools

The court will hold that these grants are discriminatory in their impact since it may be assumed that the criteria were chosen in order to exclude Arab communities, therefore, invalid.

Gender Equality in Israel

YES, because there is both formal and substantive equality in Israel stemming directly from the Declaration of Independence and from decisions of the HCJ.

YES, equality is a non-enumerated right from the Basic

The formal process by which risk factors are systematically identified, assessed, and responded to. Risk management concentrates on identifying and controlling areas or events that have the potential of causing unwanted change.

The Main Objective of Risk Management

The main objective of risk management is to detect, analyze, and control the risks.

Detection of Risks

Involves identifying the threats and vulnerabilities that can affect the organization's assets. It is essential to have experience for the identification of risks as they can originate from random sources and don't follow a fixed pattern. Detection is often the toughest part as risks can often be overlooked.

Analysis of Risk

Deals with the collection and calculation of data regarding... Continue reading "Risk Management: Identifying, Assessing, and Responding to Risks" »

Consumer Rights and Protection

The Right to be informed: - You have the benefit of receiving accurate information

- Consumer make wise decisions only if they have the information they need

The Right to choose

- Consumer have a variety of goods and services

- Business compete to sell the product and services to consumers

The right to Safety:

- You have the right to products that are safe to use

- Federal laws ensure that clothing, food, toys and other items

The right to be heard:

- Consumers who have complaints about products or services have a right to be heard

- Business rely on consumer satisfaction

To have problems corrected:

You can take a defective item back to the store with a receipt, some businesses replace it or issue a refund.

You can go to a... Continue reading "Consumer Rights and Protection: A Guide to Consumer Bills and Movement" »

Hypotech - Elements: Subjective. Hypothecor and Hypothecee

Capacity. The constituent has to be the owner of the unmovable and the right to dispose of it. Objective: The thing has to be free of any other charge and can guarantee any type of obligation. Formal: Written agreement (obligation/sum of money covered.) Notarial deed and registration (Constitutive effect in SP, UK, GER, and Dutch).

The owner of the thing (debtor) remains the possessor of the thing and can use (civiliter use), enjoy, dispose and even burden it. The hypothec can be modified.

Retention of Title: Elements: Subjective.

Seller and buyer. Objective: Assets. Formal: Written and accepted special document (FR and BEL) versus no special document - adherence to the general agreement... Continue reading "Hypotech and Retention of Title: Elements, Objectives, and Formalities" »

Understanding Crime: Key Definitions and Legal Terms

Crimes and Criminals

• To murder is to kill someone unlawfully and with premeditation.
• To mug is to attack and rob someone in a public place.
• To rob is to steal money or property from a person or a bank.
• To kidnap is to take somebody somewhere by force, often in order to get money for returning them (ransom).
• To steal is to take something that belongs to somebody else.
• To burgle is to get into a building and steal things.

People Involved in Crime

• A witness sees a crime.
• A culprit commits a crime.
• A victim suffers a crime.
• A suspect may be guilty of a crime.

Related Vocabulary

Paragraph A

• Groups of young people who spend time together and who are often involved in crime or drugs: gangs
• Someone whose job is

Van Gend en Loos v Nederlandse Administratie der Belastingen (1963) Case 26/62

This landmark case saw the European Court of Justice establish that provisions of the Treaty Establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) were capable of creating legal rights enforceable by both natural and legal persons before the courts of the Community's member states. This principle is now known as direct effect. The case is widely acknowledged as one of the most important, and possibly the most famous, developments in European Union law.

Background of the Case

The case stemmed from the reclassification of a chemical by the Benelux countries into a customs category that entailed higher charges. Preliminary questions were asked by the Dutch Tariefcommissie... Continue reading "Van Gend en Loos: The Principle of Direct Effect in EU Law" »

Hispanic Americans

Largest minority, Identify with the Democratic Party, Longoria Affair: Felix Longoria was a Mex-American soldier that died during the WW2, Mrs. Longoria asked Tom Kennedy if the burial home can be used for Felix but was denied due to segregation. Dr. Hector Garcia, a Vet from WW2 and founder of American G.I., reached out to Senator Lyndon Johnson to secure the funeral for Felix at the Arlington National Cemetery  (news went nationwide) which lead to the turning point of Mexican American civil right movement due to Lyndon Johnson becoming President he was able to pass the Civil right Act and Voting Right Act.

American Indians

Begun to reassert their sovereignty and rights to self-government. Strained relations with state and... Continue reading "Civil Rights and Education in the United States" »

Landmark Israeli Supreme Court Cases

Kol Ha'am vs. Minister of Interior (1953) - Freedom of Expression

Background: A Communist newspaper published a harsh, unverified article against Israel and the US. The Minister of Interior decided to shut down the newspaper for 15 days.

Results: Justice Agranat ruled in favor of the newspaper.

Meaning: The Minister must consider whether it is probable that the publication will endanger public peace (Probability Test) and that the danger is so grave as to justify the use of such drastic tools (Damage Test), i.e., "Likely to endanger public peace."

• A mere tendency to endanger public peace will not suffice to fulfill that requirement.

Danilovich vs. El Al (1994) - Right to Equality

Background: Jonathan Danilovich,... Continue reading "Landmark Israeli Supreme Court Cases: Rights & Equality" »

Making a living on the ball steady exchanging

Paid peanuts keep your eye on the ball release broke

Got sacked on your corner reassure affluent

Show you the hopes jump the gun brought up amount

Pulling your weight hitting below the belt mugger change

Profit get a head start con artist receipt

Pack keep track of pickpocket price tag

Deliver stunning shoplifter two for the price of one

Dare tell get caught the full price

Income apart let off at no extra cost

Take pride in flee proff cost of living

Take for granted can't help safeguard low cost

Take sides accomplishment fine out of this world

Take advantage of devote gets away with making a living

Negardless of guidance guilty on the ball

Like clockwork excel trial crime doesn't pay

Split reammate valuables money