Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Language

LOMCE-Madrid Decree 89/2014 and English Language

Treatment of Content and Skills

The Primary curriculum emphasizes grammar within language systems over skills development.

EFL Unit Planning with Royal Decree 5958/2010

Royal Decree 5958/2010 helps with EFL unit planning by setting specific, realistic skills in language development classes.

Integrating Skills Work in Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)

In CLT, skills work is often integrated into language development classes (focused on language systems) through:

• Restricted Exposure: Aural or written texts introduce the target language in a rich context (e.g., Hi Five 5, lessons 1 and 2).
• Target Language Practice: Primarily fluency speaking, sometimes extended writing.

Breaking Down Macro Skills in

Mastering Advanced English Vocabulary

Acquisitive - greedy / Acquit - find not guilty / Adduce - bring as proof / Allegiance - loyalty / Allot - assign / Altercation - heated fight / Anathema - something loathed / Anterior - situated in front / Annex - to add / Apparition - ghostly object / Appellation - a name / Apprise - inform / Armistice - truce / Arraign - to accuse / Arrant - bad (arrant fool) / Arrears - state of being in debt / Articulate - pronounce clearly / Ascribe - determine with certainty / Aspersion - slandering remark / Assail - attack vigorously / Astringent - severe / Atone - make amends / Augur - to be an omen / Auspices - support / Aversion - dislike / Barrage - concentrated attack / Bauble - inexpensive ornament / Behest... Continue reading "Vocabulary Building: Mastering Advanced English Words" »

Participants in the Tourism Industry

• Visitors: Individuals with motivations for travel.
• The Destination: The host community.
• Government: Plays a crucial role in tourism development and promotion.
• Local People: View tourism as a factor for cultural exchange and employment.
• Travel Trade Intermediaries and Suppliers: Businesses providing tourist goods and services.
  • Travel Agents: Organize personal travel and accommodation for travelers. They offer services like hotels, cruise lines, railways, and package tour operators.
  • Wholesale Tour Operators: Develop and market package tours, often through travel agencies.
  • Tour Guides and Couriers: Travel with tourists and work to ensure travelers' needs are met.
  • Hotel Booking Agencies.
  • Destination Management Company

Jim Nolan's Journey in 'In Dubious Battle'

From Despair to Purpose

Jim Nolan, a young man disillusioned with life, finds a sense of purpose in joining the Communist Party. He believes that working for a cause greater than himself will re-energize him.

The Power of Purpose

Jim's decision to join the Party is a rejection of the purposeless existence he has witnessed among the working poor. He seeks a life of meaning and worth.

Loss of Identity

Jim's transformation into a Party man comes at a cost. He willingly surrenders his individuality to become one with the cause. This loss of identity is symbolized by his facial wound, which robs him of his most personal feature.

Beyond Humanity

By giving up his personal identity, Jim becomes something beyond human.... Continue reading "Jim Nolan's Transformation: From Despair to Purpose in 'In Dubious Battle'" »

Analysis of Blake's "Nurse's Song"

Structure and Versification

The poem comprises four quatrains with an ABCB rhyme scheme. The first two stanzas incorporate internal rhymes in the third line, enhancing the song's calm, rhythmic quality, further amplified by the rolling anapaestic meter. The third stanza, representing the children's voices, features internal rhymes in the first and third lines, perhaps mirroring the repetitive nature of pleading. They mimic the adult's syntax but:

• Counter the authoritative "Come, come" with "No, no."
• Substitute "leave" (stop) with "let" (allow).
• Transform "away" into "play."

In the fourth stanza, the internal rhyme shifts to the first line, as if the Nurse echoes the children, highlighting their symbiotic relationship.... Continue reading "Analysis of Blake's "Nurse's Song": Symbolism, Imagery, and Themes" »

The Enduring Legacy of Don Quixote

Miguel de Cervantes served as a soldier in Spain before being captured and enslaved by pirates for five years. After he returned home, he found himself struggling to make a living and eventually landing in debtor's prison. In 1605, after 25 years of failures, Miguel de Cervantes found fame with Don Quixote. Written to parody both romances and romantic ideals, the book's inspired use of irony and realistic details changed the way novels were written. Today Don Quixote is one of the most widely published books in the world.

Vocabulary

• Resurrect: To bring back to life
• Fictitious: Created by the imagination
• Affable: Warm and friendly
• Burnish: To polish
• Incongruous: Incompatible, unsuitable
• Emnity: Hostility and ill will
• Hapless:

Quality in Stories

How Do We Assess a Story's Value?

If a story captivates children, it can be a powerful language teaching tool. While enjoyment is key, not all good stories align with teaching objectives.

Choosing a New Story

• Values and Attitudes: Ensure appropriateness for students.
• Structure: Prototypical story structures enhance understanding.
• Dialogue/Narrative: Narratives offer grammar patterns; dialogue aids conversational skills.
• Language Use: Vocabulary repetition is beneficial. Use stories with familiar or new vocabulary.

New Language Considerations

• Previously learned language for recycling.
• New language for active processing.
• Optional new language based on interest.

Reading Tips

• Select stories based on quality and children's interest.
• Pre-teach

Problema con cliente En facturacion: A large group of pax was about to check in. The parents Were unable to control children and started quarrelling about passport. Their Baggage on the floor and the other pax got annoid. Dalal was asked to open and Finish the check in procedure.At first i refused to allow a passenger onto the flight as Check-in had closed previously. However, his wife was in labour and the captain To agree. Justyna was on duty and a passenger became abusive and Vident. Tadzio, who was on the next counter, defended her and hit face. As a Result, he was fait for two weeks. Although he recived from the passenger, he was Black listed and will not fly.///

Passenger security Regulations:

-Each passenger is Restricted to one item

Common Travel Actions

Going

English: Move from one place to another.

Spanish: Ir

Waiting Around

English: To remain in a place and not do anything until something expected happens.

Spanish: Esperar

Leaving

English: To go out of or away from, as a place.

Spanish: Partir

Coming

English: To approach or move toward someone or something.

Spanish: Venir

Unpacking

English: To remove over a length of time as in a place.

Spanish: Desempacar

Staying

English: To remain over a length of time as in a place or situation.

Spanish: Quedarse

Suffering From

English: To feel pain or great distress.

Spanish: Sufrir

Taking

English: To get into one's possession one's action.

Spanish: Agarrar

Creating

English: Make something from the beginning.

Spanish: Crear

Booking

English: To make a reservation... Continue reading "Essential Travel Vocabulary: English-Spanish Glossary" »

The Narrator's Voice in The Canterbury Tales

The pilgrim narrator in The Canterbury Tales, as in other narrative works (written in verse), speaks of what he has dreamed, read, or seen in a manner which the reader soon learns to recognize as characteristic—the author's own voice. The Chaucer of all these poems is a retiring, bookish man, with little first-hand experience of life, least of all in the great matter of love. He can therefore do no better than report faithfully what he dreams, reads, or observes of the world and its ways.

Often he is puzzled by what he finds, and at times he even apologizes for what he is forced (for some reason) to report. Since the "matter" of his stories is not of his own making, it cannot always be to his taste.... Continue reading "Chaucer's Canterbury Tales: Narrator, Context, and Enduring Legacy" »