Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for English for Primary education

The Importance of Learning Languages

Nowadays, it is essential to learn new languages, regardless of whether you live in a small or large country. Learning languages is necessary for personal growth, as it allows you to communicate with a diverse range of people. By doing so, you can share information and experiences, which helps you better understand the world around you.

Malaga, located on the Costa del Sol, receives a large number of foreign visitors throughout the year. To ensure they enjoy their holidays, we must communicate with them effectively and assist them with their needs. Providing excellent service is vital for the local economy.

While you may speak a language perfectly, you will never communicate as naturally as you do in your native...

The Three Laws of Robotics

Refer to page 9 for the Three Laws of Robotics. Here are the meanings of the key terms:

• Harm: Robots are powerful and can easily harm humans; therefore, it is strictly forbidden for them to do so.
• Conflict: Robots must obey human orders, but they cannot follow instructions that result in harm. They cannot be used as weapons. If commanded to harm someone, they must refuse.
• Protect: Robots must protect their own existence, provided that such protection does not conflict with the first two laws.

Character Profile: Susan Calvin

Susan Calvin is a serious, intelligent woman with a plain appearance. She is often perceived as cold toward others, yet she is a brilliant and world-renowned robot-psychologist.

Why is the reporter interviewing

Present Perfect and Past Simple Exercises

1. Did you see the Bruce Lee film on TV last night? No, but I have seen all his films on video already this year.
2. I have lived in Germany for five years now. I moved here in 1989. I lived in Portugal for a time, but I am living in Rome now.
3. How long have you been learning Italian? I started learning the language when I was 12.
4. I have lost my sunglasses. Have you seen them?
5. My father worked in this shop for twelve years. Then he got a job in a bank.

Past Simple and Past Continuous Practice

1. Bruce paid the bill while Mary was putting her coat on.
2. When she was washing her skirt, she found a pound in the pocket.
3. It was so hot yesterday that we decided to go to the beach. We were putting everything in the car when my

Trunk maletero (caixa) Sheath vaina

Rucksack maleta dora hoe aixada

Comparatives and Superlatives

Regular Adjectives:

• Happy, happier, the happiest
• Old, older, the oldest
• Big, bigger, the biggest
• Dirty, dirtier, the dirtiest
• Expensive, more expensive, the most expensive

Irregular Adjectives:

• Good, better, best
• Bad, worse, worst
• Little, less, least
• Much, more, most
• Far, farther, farthest

Future Tense Rules

• Will: Predictions (predicciones) or spontaneous decisions (una decisión espontánea).
• Present Continuous: Fixed or agreed-upon actions (acción segura prefijada o acordada).
• Going To: Intentions or immediate future (intención de hacerlo o futuro que ocurre de manera inmediata).
• Present Simple: Schedules for trains, planes, cinema, or theater (horarios: tren, avión, cine, teatro).

Future Tense Practice

1. The train leaves (leave)

Grandparents and Childhood Obesity

Grandparents increase the risk of obesity in children.

Phonetics

• Heat (three, between)
• Church (children, grandchildren)

Use of English

• Madrid is not as big as New York.
• Lets have lunch together, Carol.
• If they hadnt missed the train, they wouldnt have been late.
• Mr. Block told me to have a seat.
• All the photographs will be taken by a professional photographer.
• Who is an expert climber?

Higher Education in the US: What Does It Cost?

Phonetics

• Mouth (about)
• Heat (eighteen)
• Short (published)

Use of English

• Jennifer Egan, who won the 2011 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, is an American novelist.
• Ethan was told not to play football in the garden.
• Unless you study harder, you wont get a scholarship.
• When did you have your air conditioning

Modern Challenges in the Labor Market

The Qualification vs. Experience Paradox

Nowadays, many people possess high qualifications, often holding multiple university degrees. However, companies frequently prioritize candidates with more experience over those with high qualifications. I believe this creates a significant barrier to entering the current labor market.

On the one hand, if no one gives you an opportunity to work, you cannot gain any experience. Therefore, I believe that employers should be willing to hire people who have strong qualifications, even if their professional experience is limited.

For this reason, I think that the labor market should be changed and expanded because a lot of qualified people have to go abroad to look for a...

My Academic Journey and Future Goals

If I pass my exam in September, I'll proceed with the university entrance examination. My ambition is to pursue studies in early childhood education, as I have a passion for teaching small children and find them incredibly funny. The cities where I aspire to study include:

• Málaga
• Córdoba

My parents have assured me that if I successfully pass my selectivity exams, I could apply for a place in one of these universities. Studying in another city would be a pleasant and memorable experience, since it would allow me to meet new people and foster greater independence.

A Close Friendship: Maria's Story

My friend's name is Maria. She has brown eyes and short hair, and she isn't tall; she is rather short. Maria is passionate...

Cyberbullying: A Growing Digital Concern

It is true that cyberbullying is here to stay. It occurs when an individual intimidates another using technology, such as mobile phones or the internet. This is a concerning issue today, as it is becoming increasingly common among youngsters.

The Challenges of Digital Harassment

Experts argue that because technology is integrated into our homes, it is difficult to escape cyberbullies. Furthermore, it is easy for perpetrators to reach victims, send unpleasant messages, or share embarrassing videos online.

Mitigating Online Bullying

Some suggest that stopping this form of bullying is straightforward, requiring only a change of phone number or online nicknames. However, victims should take proactive steps, such...

Verb Tense and Preposition Practice

Key: Been watching / To / Due to

• Susan is neither worried nor nervous about the exams.
• He told me: "Don’t call me ever again."
• My parents asked me where I had gone with my friends.
• He shouldn’t have blamed me for what he did.
• The hotel which/that my father only likes has got amazing views of the sea.

Relative Clauses and Passive Voice

Key: Had bought / Off / Such a

• The secretary could not send the document in time.
• The committee, whose decisions I usually agree with, provided a way out of this situation.
• We will get our house designed by a friend of ours next month.
• The campaign will have been launched before Christmas (by the company).

Reported Speech and Conjunctions

Key: Hadn’t eaten / Woke up / From / Can't

• I