Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of English

My Best Friend Carlos

Carlos is a really good friend of mine. He is English, but he has lived in Spain since 2012. He is seventeen years old and has been my best friend since this year. Carlos is tall, well-built, and has shoulder-length hair. He has short, fair hair and big blue eyes. He likes sports; he goes to the gym two days a week, and at the weekend, he plays football and hockey. Sometimes, we play on the Wii and have a really good time.

He is very generous and shy, and he has a great sense of humor. Sometimes, he can be bossy, but I don't mind because he is very intelligent, and I know that he is usually right. He is a very good friend. Carlos is a lot of fun. He is one of my favorite people, and I hope that he will continue to be my... Continue reading "Remarkable Stories: Friendship, Sports, Icons, and Animal Welfare" »

Unit 6: Reading in English

Developing Reading Skills

This unit explores effective reading activities that emphasize meaning and demonstrate how the printed word serves as a valuable source of language input.

Key Priorities in Reading and Writing Instruction

When teaching reading and writing, prioritize meaning, word recognition, and letter identification. Predicting pronunciation is also important. Children don't need to grasp every detail; understanding keywords and the general meaning is sufficient.

6.1. Beginning Reading

Children must connect what they hear with what they read. Learning to read in English is easier if children can already read in their native language. Two primary approaches facilitate English reading instruction.

Look and Say

The... Continue reading "Enhancing English Reading Skills in Young Learners" »

Ottawa (Description of a Place)

Holiday

English Grammar Cheat Sheet

Word Formation

Prefixes

• semi-
• under-
• over-
• re-
• co-
• inter-
• un-

Suffixes

• -ism
• -er
• -or
• -ly
• -able
• -fy
• -ty

Past Simple

• Positive: -ed or irregular verbs
• Negative: didn't + infinitive
• Questions: did + person + infinitive
• Specific situations in the past: last year; at 8:00; in 1990

Present Perfect

• Positive: has/have + -ed/irregular verbs
• Negative: haven't/hasn't + -ed/irregular verbs
• Questions: have/has + person + -ed/irregular verbs
• Have: I, you, we, they
• Has: he, she, it

Future Forms

Present Simple (for facts or generalizations)

• Positive: verb + -es/-s (3rd person)
• Negative: don't + verb + -es/-s (3rd person)
• Questions: do + person + verb + -es/-s (3rd person)

Present Continuous (for ongoing actions)

• Positive: am/is/are + verb + -ing
• Negative: am/is/are

Idioms with "Come"

Comes easily – not be difficult

Comes across – seems

Came off – happen successfully

Came across – find by chance

Coming down with – start feeling ill

Come along – arrive

Come under – experiencing something bad

Come up – a problem arises

Came up – an opportunity becomes available

Come to mind - occurred to me

Came first – win/be the most important

Comes across – seems

When it comes – on the subject of

How come? - why?

Idioms with "Take"

Take care of – look after

Taken to – started to like

Take them on board – accept them

Take time out – stop and rest

Taken on – agreed to

Take it from me – believe me

Take your time - don’t rush

Take note of – pay attention

Take things personally – be offended

Take your mind

Base form

• drive: drove, driven - conducir
• eat: ate, eaten - comer
• fall: fell, fallen - caer
• fly: flew, flown - volar
• forget: forgot, forgotten - olvidar
• give: gave, given - dar
• go: went, gone - ir
• grow: grew, grown - cultivar
• hide: hid, hidden - esconder
• know: knew, known - saber
• overcome: overcame, overcame - vencer
• ride: rode, ridden - montar
• ring: rang, rung - sonar
• run: ran, run - correr
• see: saw, seen - ver
• shake: shook, shaken - sacudir
• sing: sang, sung - cantar
• sink: sank, sunk - hundir
• speak: spoke, spoken - hablar
• steal: stole, stolen - robar
• swim: swam, swum - nadar
• take: took, taken - tomar
• throw: threw, thrown - lanzar
• understand: understood, understood - entender
• wake: woke, woken - despertar
• wear: wore, worn - vestir
• write: wrote, written - escribir

Vocabulary:

• Businessman/woman
• Chef
• Cleaner
• Dentist
• Hairdresser
• Journalist
• Mechanic
• Musician
• Nurse
• Photographer
• Pilot
• Student

Job Positions

• Full-time
• Permanent
• High-paid
• Short-term
• All year round
• Regular daytime hours

Professions by Industry

• Food and beverage (restaurant manager, waiter)
• Accommodation (concierge, hotel receptionist)
• Transportation (flight attendant, pilot)
• Recreation and entertainment (entertainer, outdoor adventure guide)

Executive Roles

• Executive chef (writes menus, instructs cooks and employs kitchen staff)
• Executive housekeeper (inspects rooms and manages cleaning staff)
• Food and beverage manager (plans and organizes the operation of a restaurant)
• Front office manager (responsible for the front desk operation, managing reception and dealing with guest

3-India is poorer than Germany

4-He told them that he didn’t know.

5-If she wasn’t so busy, she could come to the party.

6-Your friend might call you on your birthday.

7-Could you tell me where is the nearest cinema, please?

32-We will have the news told tomorrow night.

- The news will have told to us tomorrow night.

33-If I earned much money, I could buy a new car.

/s/ Risks, Coats, Claps /Z/ Demands,listens,radios,chairs

/IZ/ Dresses, cries , washes

/t/ Kissed, talked, increased, camped /d/carried,improved

loved. /id/ painted, visited, demanded

/  /Cheese /  / Bill /   /Up /  /far /  /Cat /  /door / /up

/  / full / / choose / /bed /  /bird

/  /The /  /Theathre /  /Ship /  /Chair /  /Monk / /Judge

/  /Measure /  /hello /  /water / ... Continue reading "I choose to live" »

Mastering Irregular Verbs in English

What are Irregular Verbs?

Irregular verbs are verbs that do not follow the standard pattern of adding -ed or -d to form their past simple and past participle forms. Mastering these verbs is crucial for achieving fluency in English.

List of Common Irregular Verbs

This list provides the infinitive, past simple, past participle, and Spanish translation for each verb.

• Be (Was/Were) Been - Ser/Estar
• Give (Gave) Given - Dar
• Become (Became) Become - Llegar a ser
• Go (Went) Gone - Ir
• Begin (Began) Begun - Empezar
• Grow (Grew) Grown - Crecer/Cultivar
• Bite (Bit) Bitten - Morder/Picar
• Have (Had) Had - Tener
• Break (Broke) Broken - Romper
• Hide (Hid) Hidden - Esconder
• Bring (Brought) Brought - Traer
• Hit (Hit) Hit - Golpear
• Build (Built)