Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for English

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This film is worth watching. I'm looking forward to taking some great photos. I started working here eight years ago. It's up to us to end environmental disasters. I expect her to come any minute now. Music is used to encourage shoppers to buy more. She warned us not to get into trouble. His new order means working overtime. I avoided bumping into the car in front by braking. John suggested going to see the new play tonight. The party turned out to be a success. The new durable and lightweight running shoes allowed athletes to train longer. Burglars made my aunt give them her jewels. I feel like going to an Indian restaurant. I love playing tennis but I dislike watching it. That man seems to be following us. I don't... Continue reading "The Importance of Effective Communication in Daily Life" »

At a restaurant:

waiters: lay the table, take an order, recommend a dish, carry a tray, serve customers, pour the wine

customers: book a table, order food, try the wine, send something back, ask for the bill, leave a tip. food, plate, dish, meal, course

DIY and repairs:

change, drill, mend, put together, put up, set up, sew, stick, tie

Looking after yourself:

have your hair: bleached, curled, dyed, put up, straightened have: a blow-dry, a perm, a shave, a treatment, a trim, highlights

equipment: an exercise bike, a running machine, weights, a rowing machine, a cross-trainer, a yoga mat exercises: do sit-ups, do press-ups, do stretches, do aerobics, do spinning, do yoga/pilates manicure, pedicure, facial, massage, waxing, fake tan

helmet, archer, arrow,... Continue reading "Vocabulary and Grammar Practice" »

A

Arise > Arose > Arisen > Surgir, Levantarse
Awake> Awoke > Awoken > Despertarse
Be > Was/Were > Been > Ser / Estar

B

Bear> Bore > Borne/Born > Soportar, dar a luz
Beat> Beat > Beaten > Golpear
Become> Became > Become > Llegar a Ser
Begin> Began > Begun > Empezar
Bend> Bent > Bent > Doblar
Bet> Bet > Bet > Apostar
Bind > Bound > Bound > Atar, encuadernar
Bid > Bid > Bid > Pujar
Bite> Bit > Bitten > Morder
Bleed > Bled > Bled > Sangrar
Blow > Blew > Blown > Soplar
Break > Broke > Broken > Romper
Breed > Bred > Bred > Criar
Bring > Brought > Brought > Traer/Llevar
Broadcast > Broadcast >... Continue reading "Complete List of Irregular Verbs in English" »

Verbs with Gerund or Infinitive Differences

• Go On:
  • (G) Continue doing the same thing.
  • (I) Change the activity.
• Need:
  • (G) Passive meaning (e.g., The bedrooms need painting).
• Regret:
  • (I) To inform.
• Mean:
  • (G) Has to be done to get a result.
  • (I) Intend to do.
• Try:
  • (G) Experiment with different methods.
• Stop:
  • (I) Takes on the meaning of "in order to."
• Forget:
  • (G) To forget that you have done something (memory).
  • (I) To forget that you need to do something.
• Remember:
  • (G) To remember that you need to do something (memory).
  • (I) To remember that you have done something.
• Hate/Love/Prefer:
  • (G) Emphasis on the action (e.g., like making jam).
  • (I) Habit (e.g., I like to make).

Verb Forms: Infinitive, Gerund, and Bare Infinitive

The Infinitive

Used for: Purpose (why), nouns, used to... Continue reading "Essential English Grammar: Verbs, Tenses, and Linking Words" »

The Boatman Had Good Control of the Boat

Strong winds played with the tiny boat and the crowd of people nearly caused it to turn over several times, but the boatman had a strong hand, and before long he was near the shore of Greece and shouting at the passengers to get out.

The Country on the Border with Greece Didn't Want the Refugees to Come In

There were soldiers with guns and dogs. Furious people banged on the metal fence which had been built to block their path, but there was no way through. Worrying about his mother and Salah affected Tariq badly. For a moment, Tariq felt free and happy, but then he asked himself, 'How could I be happy until I know that my mother and my brother are safe?'

The Soldiers Weren't Sympathetic to Hassan and Tariq

'... Continue reading "The Journey of Refugees: Struggles, Challenges, and Hope" »

There are people who think there is no way to stop the increasing of global warming, but I think that if all of us do a little, we could make a change on the environment.

At first, we should begin recycling the garbage in its own container. In addition, plastic bags could be forbidden in order to use more environmentally friendly materials.

Secondly, solar energy could be a good alternative to harmful energy sources that are being used nowadays like fossil fuels. Everybody should have solar panels on their roofs, especially in countries where the sun hours are longer like Spain.

In conclusion, there are many things that we can do to improve the situation of the planet. We only have one planet and we have to look after it.

1) Passive Voice

• It's thought

Present Simple

Affirmative: I like tennis, she likes football, they like sport.

Negative: I don't like tennis, she doesn't like football, they don't like sport.

Interrogative: Do you like football? Yes, I do. Does she play tennis? Yes, she does. Does he live in France? No, he doesn't. Do they go cycling? No, they don't.

There's / There Are

There's is used with singular countable nouns and uncountable nouns.

There are is used with plural countable nouns.

Affirmative: Use a or an with singular countable nouns. Use some with plural and uncountable nouns.

Negative and Interrogative: Use a or an with singular countable nouns. Use any with plural and uncountable nouns.

How much/how many: How much is used with uncountable nouns. How many is used with plural... Continue reading "English Grammar Essentials: Tenses and Structures" »

Mastering English Grammar: Relative Clauses, Modals, and More

Relative Clauses

The boy was an old friend. I was staying at his house: The boy whose house I was staying at was an old friend.

The dog had long, pointed ears. It was lying on the sofa: The dog which was lying on the sofa had long, pointed ears.

The book was a bit frightening. John was reading it: The book which John was reading was a bit frightening.

PP died in 1973. He was from Malaga: PP, who was from Malaga, died in 1973.

This is the CD. A. Sanz signed an autograph there: This is the CD where A. Sanz signed an autograph.

Modal Verbs

It's necessary for me to go to work yesterday: I didn't need to go to work yesterday.

Perhaps Mike didn't get your phone call: Mike may not have got your

Passive Voice

Passive Voice:

• She cleans = is cleaned
• Is cleaning = is being cleaned
• Has cleaned = has been cleaned
• She cleaned = was cleaned
• Was cleaning = was being cleaned
• Had cleaned = had been cleaned
• She will clean = will be cleaned
• Is going to clean = is going to be cleaned
• Has to clean = has to be cleaned

Can be + 3C, Should be +3C, Must have been +3C

Desiderative Sentences

Desiderative Sentences:

1. WISH/ IF ONLY (I wish, he wishes) + finished, didn´t finish
2. WISH /IF ONLY (I wish, he wishes) + had arrived, hadn´t arrived 3C
3. WISH/ IF ONLY (I wish, he wishes) + COULD/WOULD + BASE FORM

Conditional Sentences

Conditional Sentences:

1st Conditional: IF/UNLESS + PRESENT SIMPLE (I work, she Works, I don't work, she doesn't work) == FUTURE SIMPLE (I will allow,... Continue reading "English Grammar Rules: Passive Voice, Conditionals, Reported Speech & More" »