Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for English

1. The following sentences do not make sense. Correct them by replacing each word in bold with a word in bold from a different sentence.

1. I signed the contract yesterday.
2. Go overseas to help yourself to some cake.
3. There was nothing unusual about the performance. It was very ordinary.
4. Mike has been to many different countries. He has travelled worldwide.
5. I like to go overseas to remote places.
6. The meal was very satisfying. I am full.
7. My best friend lives nearby, so I can walk to her house.
8. My friends and I traded clothes with each other.

2. Replace the words in bold by forming a new word with a prefix. Then add a sentence that reflects the meaning of the first sentence.

1. I think your idea is impossible. It won't work.
2. I dislike this hotel. It hasn't got

Conditionals

0 Conditional

if + Present Simple + Present Simple

Situations that are always true or happen repeatedly.

1st Conditional

if + Present Simple + will (verb)

Describes what happens if a condition is met.

2nd Conditional

if + Past Simple + would (verb)

Imaginary future situations, hypothetical cases, unlikely events.

3rd Conditional

If + Past Perfect, would have + Past Participle

Impossible conditions as they refer to the past.

The Passive Voice

Present Simple: The waiter serves the customers (A) --> The customers are served by the waiter (P)

Present Continuous: ...is serving... --> ...are being served...

Past Simple: ...served... --> ...were served...

Past Continuous: ...was serving... --> ...were being served...

Present Perfect Simple:

Social Interactions: Participants and Occasions

Participants in Social Events:

Takes part in:

1. Acquaintances (ezagunak)
   • a. Blind date 1, 12, 13
2. Business associates (socios)
   • b. Business meeting 2, 3
   • c. Celebration meal 2, 3, 6, 7, 11
   • l. Conference call 2, 3
   • m. Social-networking site 1, 2, 3, 5, 11, 13
3. Clients
   • b. Business meeting 2, 3
   • c. Celebration meal 2, 3, 6, 7, 11
   • l. Conference call 2, 3
   • m. Social-networking site 1, 2, 3, 5, 11, 13
4. Delegates (politikoak)
   • d. Conference 2, 3, 4, 9, 10
5. Ex-classmates
   • e. Dating website 12, 13
   • j. School reunion 5, 6
   • m. Social-networking site 1, 2, 3, 5, 11, 13
6. Friends
   • c. Celebration meal 2, 3, 6, 7, 11
   • f. Dinner party 6, 7, 11
   • i. Housewarming party 6, 7, 8, 11
   • j. School reunion 5, 6
7. Guests (gonbidatuak)
   • c. Celebration meal 2, 3, 6, 7, 11
   • f.

Irregular Verb List

Be was / were been ser

Beat beat beaten colpejar

Become became become arribar a ser

Begin began begun començar

Bet bet/betted bet/betted apostar

Bite bit bitten morder

Break broke broken romper

Bring brought brought traer

Build built built construir

Buy bought bought comprar

Catch caught caught atrapar

Choose chose chosen elegir

Come came come venir

Cost cost cost costar

Cut cut cut

Do did done hacer

Draw drew drawn dibujar

Dream dreamt dreamt somiar

Drink drank drunk beber

Drive drove driven conduir

Eat ate eaten comer

Fall fell fallen caer

Feed fed fed alimentar

Feel felt felt sentir

Fight fought fought pelear

Find found found trobar

Fly flew flown volar

Forget forgot forgotten olvidar

Forgive forgave forgiven perdonar

Get got got rebre

Give gave given... Continue reading "Irregular Verb List: Master English Verb Conjugation" »

Airport

The place you go when you want to travel by plane to another city

Bakery

You can buy fresh bread and cakes here

Bank

You deposit or withdraw/take out your money here. You can cash a cheque

Bookstore

A place where you can buy books and magazines

Bus Station

The place you go when you want to travel by bus to another city

Butcher's

They sell fresh meat

Café

You can buy a cup of coffee and cakes or sandwiches

Church

A religious place of worship

Court

The place where they have trials and law cases. A judge works here

Craft Market

A place that sells typical products of a region/country

Department Store

A large store that sells clothes, household appliances, etc. in sections

Cinema/Movies

You can see the latest movies here. Many people eat popcorn while they're... Continue reading "Essential Places in a City: From Airports to Zoos" »

English Verb Tenses: Active vs. Passive

Present Simple

• Active: cleans
• Passive: is cleaned

Present Continuous

• Active: is writing
• Passive: is being written

Simple Past

• Active: repaired
• Passive: was repaired

Past Continuous

• Active: was helping
• Passive: was being helped

Present Perfect

• Active: have visited
• Passive: has been visited

Present Perfect Continuous

• Active: have been doing
• Passive: has been being done

Past Perfect

• Active: had repaired
• Passive: had been repaired

Past Perfect Continuous

• Active: had been preparing
• Passive: had been being prepared

Simple Future (Will)

• Active: will finish
• Passive: will be finished

Simple Future (Be Going To)

• Active: is going to make
• Passive: is going to be made

Future Continuous (Will)

• Active: will be washing
• Passive: will be being washed

Future

A Letter of Disappointment

Regarding "Young People Are Lazy and Impolite"

Dear Editor,

I was disappointed to read your article on the 9th of February, "Young People Are Lazy and Impolite". I'm tired of reading false stories that all young people are uncaring, lazy, or impolite when this is not true.

I am a person who studies and works at the same time. I also care about my family and friends. I consider myself a responsible girl. Moreover, in my free time, I like to have fun and go out with my friends.

Furthermore, all of my friends study or work, and they are concerned about their future.

In summary, not all young people are lazy and rude. What's happening is that people classify all young people without knowing them personally.

Yours faithfully,... Continue reading "Letters to the Editor: A Compilation" »

LET HER GO

Well you only need the light when it's burning low
Only miss the sun when it starts to snow
Only know you love her when you let her go
Only know you've been high 
When you're feeling low
Only hate the road when you're missing home
Only know you love her when you let her go
And you let her go

Staring at the bottom of your glass
Hoping one day you'll make a dream last
But dreams come slow and they go so fast

You see her when you close your eyes
Maybe one day you'll understand why
Everything you touch surely dies

But you only need the light when it's burning low
Only miss the sun when it starts to snow
Only know you love her when you let her go
Only know you've been high when you're feeling low
Only hate the road when you're missing home
Only know you... Continue reading "Let Her Go" »

Samuel Johnson: A Literary Luminary

Early Life and Education

Samuel Johnson was born in Staffordshire on September 18, 1709. His father was a bookseller. Johnson attended Lichfield Grammar School and briefly studied at Oxford University, but financial constraints forced him to leave.

Literary Career

Unable to secure teaching work, Johnson embarked on a writing career. In 1737, he moved to London and struggled to support himself through journalism, covering a wide range of topics. Gradually, he gained literary recognition.

'Dictionary of the English Language'

In 1747, a group of printers commissioned Johnson to compile his monumental 'Dictionary of the English Language'. Published in 1755, it became the most significant dictionary of its time, with... Continue reading "Samuel Johnson: Literary Giant and Author of 'Rasselas'" »