Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of Design and Engineering

Stages of Language Acquisition in Children

1. The Prelinguistic Period

1.1. Babbling

In auditory perception for speech, maturity is reached between 8 and 10 months when the restriction to the native language's phonology is observed. From the point of view of articulation, babies have a structure and motor control of the orophonation that will undergo very substantial changes in the early years and during the change of adolescence to reach the maturity of adults. It is clear that babies cannot produce all the sounds they can distinguish. Sounds as seemingly simple as vowels are difficult to produce by newborns since the space available for any movement of the tongue produces a constriction. This occurs during the first months when most of the sounds... Continue reading "Child Language Acquisition: 5 Stages of Development" »

Initial Vocalizations (Birth - 2 Months)

At this stage, baby's sounds are primarily reflexive, related to their physical state, such as discomfort, hunger, or contentment.

Coos and Smiles (2 - 4 Months)

Baby's vocalizations expand, often including cooing and gurgling sounds, particularly velar sounds like "ga". Smiles begin to accompany these sounds.

Vocal Play (4 - 6 Months)

Babies begin to produce sounds voluntarily, experimenting with their voices. This is a sensory-motor activity, similar to exploring movement with their hands and eyes.

Canonical Babbling (6+ Months)

Syllables emerge, typically in two structures: CV (e.g., "pa") and VCV (e.g., "ata"). Two types of canonical babbling are observed:

• Reduplicated babbling: Repeating similar syllables,

Food Service Distribution Systems

Centralized Distribution

Preparations are served in a location attached to the place of manufacture. No transportation is needed.

Decentralized Distribution

Preparations are portioned in a distant area from production and can be transported in cars or thermal coolers.

Food Service Types

Centralized

À la carte: Customers choose their dish from a menu, which offers several options.

Self-service: The dishes are displayed on mobile thermal units (refrigerated or not) that can be table stands or counters, and the customer serves themselves.

Service Modalities

Self-Service: The customer goes to the table or buffet and serves themselves according to their preference, regarding variety and quantity. This service can be charged... Continue reading "Food Service Systems: Types, Distribution & Sensory Tools" »