Chemical Elements: Properties, Reactions, and Bonds
Classified in Chemistry
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Ranking Elements
The first classification of chemical elements was based on their chemical and physical properties, dividing them into two large groups: metals and non-metals.
- The first classification was done by J.W. Döbereiner. He observed a link between the atomic mass and properties of elements such as barium, calcium, and strontium. He arranged 40 elements in a line, one after another, by their mass.
- John Newlands arranged the elements by atomic mass, from the lowest to the highest, in columns. This is now called the Law of Octaves.
- D.I. Mendeleev arranged the elements by atomic mass. As a result of this work, the periodic law of elements was discovered in 1869.
Forces Between Molecules
These are listed from weakest to strongest:
- Dispersion