Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for Arts and Humanities for Secondary education

Delacroix's Liberty Leading the People

1. The Painting

• Location: Musée du Louvre
• Artist: Eugène Delacroix
• Style: Romanticism
• Date: 1830
• Technique: Oil on canvas
• Subject: Fabric

2. Context

A) Historical Context

The nineteenth century was a time of profound political, economic, and cultural change. It emphasizes the Industrial Revolution and the French Revolution. Napoleon stretched the French presence throughout Europe. The victorious European monarchies, absolute monarchies, called the Restoration period.

B) Cultural Context

In this stage, three streams are highlighted: Neoclassical, Realism, and Romanticism.

3. Characteristics

a) General Characteristics

Expresses moods and feelings, while reason is still important.

Topics: Scenery (preferably savage, mysterious,...

The Novel

Definition

The novel, a quintessential Renaissance literary genre, employed prose narrative techniques to depict character actions within specific settings. The term "novel" signifies something new, a fresh approach to storytelling distinguished by its innovative content and linguistic presentation.

Features

Primarily, the novel's literary purpose is to offer aesthetic beauty through reading, delighting the reader. Its descriptive and narrative nuances stem from its prose format, differentiating it from epic poems. Novels are often based on imagination and fantasy, creating fictional worlds inhabited by vivid characters.

Novelistic Currents

Two main currents exist in fiction: realism, which accurately portrays reality and engages with...

Essential English Vocabulary by Topic

Digital Technology and Online Life

• Charging a mobile phone
• Uploading photos
• Checking messages
• Designing software
• Using a landline phone
• Accessing the internet
• Search engine
• Social networking
• Mobile network
• Power
• Crash (computer)
• Use social media
• Keep in touch
• Post updates
• Account (online)
• Post comments
• Wireless technology
• Help to develop
• Delete
• Out of date
• Gadget
• User-friendly
• Save (data)
• Up-to-date
• Device store information
• Do a search
• Go viral
• Download apps
• Solve a problem
• Go online
• Laptop
• Screen
• Digital camera
• Webcam
• Headphones
• Keyboard
• Printer
• Scanner
• Tablet

Crime, Law, and News Media

• Masked
• Attack
• Brag
• Get away
• Witness
• Thief
• Evidence
• Suspect
• Robbery
• Patrol
• Prevent
• Goes off (alarm)
• Lock
• Break the law
• Safe (secure)
• Burglar alarm
• Press (media)
• Reporters
• Front page
• Daily

Essential Movie & Film Terms

Action movie: A movie with many exciting and violent scenes. // Cast: All the actors and actresses in a movie or TV show // Character: One of the people in a story // Cinema: A place where movies are shown on a big screen // Comedy: A film with lots of funny scenes. // Director: The person in charge of making a movie // Documentary: A film that's about real people, events, or issues // Drama: A movie about realistic characters in dramatic situations // Entertainment: Enjoyment from movies, concerts, TV shows, etc. // Family movie: A movie that both children and adults can enjoy // Film: Another word for movie (or motion picture) // Genre: A kind or style of music, movie, TV show, painting, etc. // Horror movie:

Journalism: Definition and Key Concepts

Journalism is the collection and treatment of written, oral, visual, or graphic information in all its forms and varieties. A journalist is a person professionally engaged in a newspaper, an audiovisual medium, a literary work, graphic information, or creating opinion.

Classification of Journalistic Genres

News Genres

In news genres, the journalist tries to express information of general interest or specific to any group of people in an impersonal way, adjusted to reality. The most used forms are the story, the chronicle, and the report.

The News

The news is the main informative subgenre. It is characterized by a complete yet brief presentation of a current fact of interest, carried out with objectivity. The...

1. Restoration of Themes and Forms of Antiquity

The Renaissance represents a period of cultural renewal that adopts the values of the pagan world and attempts to reconcile them with Christian life. While religious themes remain, they are represented using Renaissance ideas and techniques.

2. Classical Mythology and Allegory

Mythological themes are utilized to represent abstract concepts, feelings, or ideas—such as truth, love, or spring—through a technique known as allegory.

3. The Return to Humanism

Man is considered the measure of all things and the center of the universe. While medieval art was created for God, Renaissance art is created for man.

4. The Ideal of Beauty

Renaissance artists strove to express their ideal of beauty through the...

Vocabulary

• Wren: A small, brown bird.
• Thrush: A brown bird with strong wings and a powerful beak.
• Blackbird: A bird with dark plumage, a yellow beak, and a pleasant, domesticable song.
• Attached: Committed to a job or a place.
• A weakness: A minor, age-related ailment.
• Cherub: An angel close to God.
• Bohemian: An artist living an informal and loosely organized life.

Argumentative Texts in Media

The main purpose of the media is to inform, but sometimes media outlets interpret information and seek to influence the opinion of their audience.

Types of Argumentative Texts Used in Media:

• An editorial is a journalistic text that expresses the ideology of a media outlet on a given topic. It is unsigned.
• A chronicle is a type of journalistic text (newspaper, television,

Realism: Literary Movement and Characteristics

Realism is the expression of the dominant mentality of the liberal bourgeoisie era. It primarily adopted the novel form because the characteristics of this literary movement were best suited to it, although poetry and theater also saw significant growth.

In Spain, Don Quixote by Miguel de Cervantes is often cited as a precursor to the movement.

Key Features of Realism

• Observation of Reality: The mentality of the time prioritized the rational analysis of reality, excluding concepts inherited from Romanticism.
• Plausibility: The literary work must construct a narrative similar to the real world. The novel emphasizes the description of space, characters, and daily events.
• Tendency toward Objectivity: The

Lesson 4 - The Press

The press pursues two main objectives: to objectively inform about current events and other information, and to interpret. There are two types:

• Informative: Its purpose is to inform about related events.
• Interpretive: Analyzes facts and values them according to different viewpoints.

Types of Structure

• Inverted Pyramid Structure: Information follows the order of relevance.
• Narrative Structure: Presents the chronological order of events.
• Dialogue Structure: The text is organized based on the speaker.

The News: Six Basic Questions

Who, what, where, when, why, and how.

The Interview

A dialogue between a character and a prestigious journalist or current figure. There are two types:

• Personality Interview: Aims to delve into the personality

Romanticism in the 19th Century

Definition: Romanticism is defined as a school, a movement, and a flow. It was a school because it had a leader (Victor Hugo); a literary and artistic movement; and a current because it swept through all disciplines, including philosophy, economics, and politics.

• Origins: It began in Germany and England, immediately reaching France before spreading throughout the rest of Europe.
• Lyricism: The primary goal is to express feelings and ideas.
• Fantasia: There is a prevalence of fantasy and imagination. Unlike Neoclassicism, which was a rational and regulatory art form, Romanticism embraces the irrational.
• Loneliness and Melancholy: These are the central themes of Romanticism. Melancholy was often so profound it could lead