The Passive and Causative Voice in English Grammar

Present Simple

• Active: She eats apples
• Passive: Apples are eaten by her

Present Continuous

• Active: He is eating oranges
• Passive: Oranges are being eaten by him

Past Simple

• Active: I bought a mobile phone last week
• Passive: A mobile phone was bought by me last week

Past Continuous

• Active: My brother was cleaning his car
• Passive: His car was being cleaned by my brother

Present Perfect

• Active: My mother has cooked a cake
• Passive: A cake has been cooked by my mother

Past Perfect

• Active: They had climbed a mountain
• Passive: A mountain had been climbed by them

Past Perfect Continuous

• Active: He had been listening to music
• Passive: Music had been being listened to by her

Future

• Active: I will sing a song
• Passive: A song will be sung by me

Future Perfect

• Active: I'm going to buy a car next month
• Passive: A car is going to be bought next month

Future Perfect

• Active: She will have finished the exams
• Passive: The exams will have been finished by her

Can

• Active: She can buy shoes
• Passive: Shoes can be bought by her

Must

• Active: She must buy shoes
• Passive: Shoes must be bought by her

Should

• Active: She should buy shoes
• Passive: Shoes should be bought by her

Be Used To (Estar Acostumbrado)

• Active: John is used to playing with children

Get Used To (Acostumbrarse A)

• Active: People get used to new technologies

Reported Speech

Present Simple

• Direct: He said,"I want to watch a film"
• Indirect: He said that he wanted to watch a film.

Present Continuous

• Direct: He said,"Jane is sleeping"
• Indirect: He said that Jane was sleeping.

Present Perfect

• Direct: She said,"I have bought a new dress"
• Indirect: She said that she had bought a new dress.

Causative

• Active: The mechanic changed the oil in my car
• Passive: The mechanic had the oil changed in my car

Used To (Solía)

• Active: I used to go to the beach when I was young
• Negative: I didn't used to eat cereals

Would (-Aba)