Essential Knowledge for Fruit Tree and Vine Cultivation

Fundamental Concepts in Fruit Tree and Vine Management

1. Fruit Production on Current Year's Shoots

   The species that produce fruit on shoots of the same year are: a) peach and grape, b) apple and plum, c) pear and grape, d) fig tree and vine.

2. Specific Objectives of Fruit Tree Pruning

   The specific objectives of pruning are:

   • Maintaining the successful structure of major branches of the tree.
   • Keeping the fruitful branches as close as possible to the main branches.

3. Key Advantages of Pruning Fruit Trees

   The advantages of pruning include: avoiding excessive density (crowding) and increasing the amount of fruit.

4. Physiological Principles: Apical Dominance

   The most important primary physiological principle of pruning states: Sap tends to be directed towards the highest parts of the plant. The higher parts of the branches are better fed.

5. Forming the Vase Shape in Peach Trees

   To form the vase shape in peach trees, 3 to 4 primary branches are required.

6. Balancing Vigor in Fruit Tree Branches

   To balance two branches of different vigor, the branch with more vigor should be pruned more severely.

7. Apple Tree Training Pruning Focus

   In apple tree training pruning, the most important aspect is: the formation of the skeleton of the plant.

8. Fruitful Branches of the Apple Tree

   The fruitful branches of the apple tree are: Brindilla, Crowned Spur (Lamburda), and Dard.

9. Fruitful Branches of the Peach Tree

   Fruitful peach branches are called: Mixed Branch, Chiffon Branch, and May Bouquet (May Spur).

10. Citrus Planting Depth Requirements

    At what level should citrus be planted relative to the soil? 10 to 20 cm.

11. Optimal Pruning Time for Peach Trees

    The best month for pruning the peach tree in our environment is: a) July, b) August.

12. Calculating Plant Density in Staggered Layouts

    In 2000 m² of land, planted in a staggered layout at a distance of 5 m between plants, you will fit 92 plants.

13. Forming the Main Branches of a Fruit Tree

    For the structure of the main branches of a fruit tree, they must be formed into a: natural vase structure.

14. Pruning and Early Fruiting

    Pruned plants are earlier to fruit than non-pruned plants: True.

15. Minimum Planting Hole Dimensions

    The minimum size of a hole to plant fruit trees is: 60 cm x 60 cm square and 60 cm deep.

16. Essential Ground Preparation for Orchards

    The most important work in preparing the ground for fruit trees is: Deep Tillage (Subsoiling).

17. Laying Out a Rectangular Orchard Plot

    The steps to lay out a garden plot in a rectangular system (6m x 4m) are:

    1. Determine the starting point of the path.
    2. Establishing or laying out the baseline.
    3. Drawing a perpendicular base in the center of the field.
    4. Using a tracer wire and rings, mark all points in between.

18. Vine Pruning: Guyot System Specifications

    In the combined pruning of the vine, or Guyot system, the spurs (or thumbs) are pruned to 2 buds, and the canes (or loaders) are pruned to 5 to 6 buds.

19. Calculating Land Area for Nursery Beds

    If we put 18,000 plants in flower beds with four rows of beds that are 25 cm wide and 40 cm long, and walkways of 60 cm. What area of land is needed?