Buenos Aires in 1920: Social Transformation and Modernity

Buenos Aires in 1920: A Decade of Transformation

During 1920, profound social transformations and shocking cultural developments occurred, fundamentally changing how people related to their city. Buenos Aires became densely populated due to a strong wave of immigration that revolutionized Argentine society.

Immigration and Social Mobility

Following the First World War, the city welcomed 878,000 immigrants, with Spanish and Italian nationals forming the majority. By 1920, the population had doubled compared to two decades prior. While immigrants benefited from rising literacy and schooling rates, they faced a difficult path toward social advancement and cultural integration.

Urban Design and Modernity

The era saw the emergence of new forms through advanced technology and machinery, influencing architecture, decoration, and urban design. Buenos Aires showcased its modernity through monumental works and new trends, such as the Gran Rex. As vehicle networks expanded, a new habit emerged: "Going to the center," allowing residents to enjoy the spectacular architecture.

Language and Education

At the time, the city hosted as many languages as there were social groups. Public education allowed the children of immigrants to integrate into social life. The linguistic exchange between these diverse groups became a significant theme of concern and debate among contemporary writers.

New Habits and Cultural Consumption

Innovations such as radio broadcasting, film, advertising, and mass media began targeting vast sectors of society. Public education fostered a new type of reader, leading to the rise of newspapers and magazines featuring content previously despised by conservative sectors, such as:

• Fashion magazines
• Tango lyrics
• Celebrity gossip

Additionally, new institutions emerged, including updated neighborhood libraries, social clubs, and publishers dedicated to cultural dissemination through affordable books on philosophy and social sciences.

Youth and Identity

The 1920s were defined by youth, modernity, and the immigrant experience. Young writers spearheaded a new era of Argentine literature, championing values of change, renewal, progress, and the future. This spirit was exemplified by the 1918 University Reform in Córdoba, where students rose against the old academic order, advocated for workers' rights, and founded the influential newspaper Martín Fierro.