Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for English for University

Subordinating Conjunctions

Subordinating conjunctions are parts of speech that join dependent clauses to independent clauses. Sometimes referred to as subordinators or subordinate conjunctions, these important words and phrases may also introduce adverb clauses.

1. As Sherri blew out the candles atop her birthday cake, she caught her hair on fire.
2. Sara begins to sneeze whenever she opens the window to get a breath of fresh air.
3. When the doorbell rang, my dog Skeeter barked loudly.

Correlative Conjunctions

As suggested by their name, correlative conjunctions correlate, working in pairs to join phrases or words that carry equal importance within a sentence. Like many of the most interesting parts of speech, correlative conjunctions are fun to use. At...

English Proficiency Assessment Results

Section 1: Language Skills Evaluation

Listening: (d, b, c, c) | Use of Language: (b, c, d, b, a, c, a, c, b, b) | Reading: (b, c, d, a, d)

Writing Task 1: Vacation Reflection

I played soccer, caught crabs, and fished on the beach. I took a boat tour and swam where there used to be an old dolphinarium. I went to a place called Mahahual; it is a beautiful location where you can enjoy the beach with family and friends. We stayed in a hotel, ate fried fish and seafood, and had the most delicious holiday.

Section 2: Language Skills Evaluation

Listening: (c, b, d, c) | Use of Language: (c, c, b, b, b, b, b, b, b, a) | Reading: (c, a, b, c, c)

Writing Task 2: Future Goals

My project is to get a degree in civil engineering....

What Are Phrasal Verbs?

A phrasal verb is a combination of words (a verb + a preposition or verb + adverb) that when used together, usually take on a different meaning to that of the original verb.

Phrasal Verb Examples in Sentences

More phrasal verb examples:

1. Be sure to put on a life jacket before getting into the boat.
2. We left out the trash for pickup.
3. It’s time to get on the plane.
4. What will she think up next?
5. I’m having some trouble working out the solution to this equation.
6. We’re going to have to put off our vacation until next year.
7. Stand up when speaking in class, please.

Essential Parts of Speech Definitions

Adverb: Describing Verbs, Adjectives, or Adverbs

Adverb Definition and Usage

An adverb describes or modifies a verb, an adjective, or...

Modal Verbs

• Did you have to make your bed?
• Will you be able to travel to new galaxies?
• It might rain at the weekend.
• You mustn't smoke in public places.
• Manufacturers will lower prices.

Tenses

• My sister used to be.
• The government has taxed.
• Suppliers will raise prices.
• After the government has passed the law.
• Children aren't allowed.
• People are mad.
• I regret being.
• Remember to close the door.
• Did you use to be respectful?

Appropriate Pronouns

• Made ourselves.
• Cut himself.
• To each other.
• Buy something nice.
• There's another.

Adjectives and Verbs

• Embarrass me.
• Worrying situation.
• Interest us.
• I find it annoying.
• Feel worried.

So, Such, Too, Enough

• Comfortable enough.
• Too colorful for an old lady.
• So stylish these days.
• Such smart clothes.
• Casual enough to go to a rave.

Gerunds

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Professional Correspondence

Eating at Home vs. Eating Out

Eating out can be a very pleasurable experience. Having dinner with a friend, eating a romantic meal while on a date, or celebrating some special event with a party at a restaurant are all things we enjoy doing.

Even so, there are few people who eat out all the time, and eating at home has many points in its favor. It is cheaper, healthier, and usually much more comfortable to eat at home.

• Cost-effective: Firstly, eating at home is much less expensive than eating in a restaurant. Obviously, when we eat at home, we do the preparation, cooking, and serving of the food ourselves and, therefore, do not need to pay the labor costs of a cook, waiter, and other restaurant staff.
• Healthier choices: Secondly, eating at home

Act I, Scene 1: The Witches' Meeting

In a desolate place, to the accompaniment of thunder and lightning, three Witches agree to meet after the storm and to greet Macbeth before sunset. In unison, they chant: "Fair is foul, and foul is fair," and depart.

Act I, Scene 2: The King's Camp

Meanwhile, a sergeant, bleeding from wounds he has received in battle, stumbles into the camp of Duncan and his attendants. He relates how Macbeth, having killed the rebel Macdonwald ("unseamed him from the nave to the chaps"), joined with Banquo and gallantly withstood the attack of the Norwegian king. No sooner has the sergeant delivered his message and gone for treatment than Ross arrives and supplements the soldier's report with the story of how Macbeth and Banquo...

Perspectives on Death in American Literature

Discuss the topic of death in at least three works of two different periods:

Death is a central topic in many different literary works and a particularly important one in American literature. However, different authors approach it from distinct perspectives.

• Jack London: Focuses on death (natural death) and the survival of the most apt, where nature cannot be defeated. He presents a less neurotic view; death is a natural phenomenon.
• Edgar Allan Poe: Representing American Gothic in The Raven and The Cask of Amontillado, he was also obsessed with death.
• Puritan Literature: Views death only as a transition to a better life.
• Emily Dickinson: Death is the principal subject in Dickinson’s poems; she was obsessed