Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for Arts and Humanities for University

Unit 1: The Beat Generation and Post-War Culture

The post-WWII era was defined by the Cold War, the Red Scare, suburbanization, and the rise of consumerism. In response, the Beat Generation (including the New York Beats and Beatniks) emerged, challenging social norms through themes of self-expression, madness, non-conformity, and alternative realities.

• Jack Kerouac: Author of On the Road (1957). He utilized "spontaneous prose" to capture raw thought and experience. His work features the roman-à-clef style, travel narratives, and the archetype of the Beat hero.
• Joyce Johnson: Author of Minor Characters (1983). Her memoir offers a female reinterpretation of the Beat era, focusing on the experiences of women within the male-dominated literary circle

Organizations and Organizational Theory

Current Challenges: Globalization, ethics and social responsibility, speed of response, digital workplace, and diversity.

Types of Organizations: Large vs. small, manufacturing vs. service, and profit vs. non-profit.

Perspectives on Organizations

Open Systems and Organizational Configuration (Mintzberg): Includes the technical core, technical support, administrative support, and management (top and middle).

Dimensions of Organizational Design

• Structural Dimensions: Formalization, specialization, hierarchy of authority, centralization, professionalism, and personnel ratios.
• Contextual Dimensions: Size, organizational technology, environment, goals and strategy, and culture.

Performance and Effectiveness Outcomes

Key...

Door Operation Types

• Single Side Hung
• Double Lead
• Sliding
• Swinging (Oscilante)
• Centre Folding (Cierre de casa, varias hojas)
• Folding (Solo dos hojas)
• Revolving
• Overhead Up-and-Over (Garage)

Parts of a Door

1. Frame
2. Leaf
3. Threshold
4. Connecting Jamb
5. Hinge
6. Lock/Hatch

Wooden Folding Frame

Pieza en C cuyos cubretapas miden 60mm de ancho y thickness 16 y cuyo engranaje permite zapar el partition desde 0 hasta +15 o -7mm. Hay que dejar entre el partition y la C 13mm de espacio para el tornillo del hinge.

Steel Frames

Por el lado del eje

1. Built-in (Masonry) Steel Frames

Corner Frame

Solo cubre el corner del partition.

Masonry Frame

Cubre todo el partition

Frame for Gypsumboard Partition

Tiene dos piezas metalicas que sobresalen del core del partition y se atornillan al frame que...

Realistic Fiction Defined

Realistic fiction refers to stories that could happen to people and animals; it is within the realm of possibility that such events could occur or could have occurred.

History of Realistic Fiction

The earliest realistic stories were didactic, intended to teach morality and manners to young readers. In the 18^th century, two significant events occurred:

• Robinson Crusoe was published for adults but became popular among children.
• John Newbery began to publish books of realistic fiction to entertain as well as to educate.

Notable early examples include:

• From England: Treasure Island, Kidnapped.
• From the United States: The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.

Realistic family stories also emerged during the...

Entry and Exit Control of Museum Objects

Entry: entry and exit control of museum objects implies that a number is assigned and then reflected in the record book. Normally, there are not many outlets for works in museums. A museum can output a piece if it has degraded, been sold, or requires restoration.

Inventory and Documentation of Collections

Inventory: a more or less complete list of all or part of the collections. Most museums do not have all of their works cataloged. The inventory is part of the overall documentation of the museum. This documentation requires a few steps: registration number data in the log book and documentary records relating to each piece.

Cataloging and Data Management

Catalog: management of all or part of the data for...

Pedro Calderón de la Barca: Dramatic Genius

The dramatic production of Pedro Calderón de la Barca includes more than a hundred works. To this number must be added his autos sacramentales (morality plays) and mythological or religious dramas.

Key Themes and Works in Calderón's Drama

Calderón's extensive repertoire can be categorized by theme:

• Spanish History and Legend: The Mayor of Zalamea (El alcalde de Zalamea).
• Swashbuckling Plots (Comedies of Intrigue): House with Two Doors Is Difficult to Guard (Casa con dos puertas, mala es de guardar); The Phantom Lady (La dama duende).
• Philosophical Dramas: Where the idea matters more than the action: Life Is a Dream (La vida es sueño).
• Honor and Jealousy: A Secret Grievance, Secret Revenge (A secreto

Core Journalism Concepts

Writing Style and News Criteria

• Inverted Pyramid: A common writing style in journalism, prioritizing the most important information first. It was notably developed during the Civil War.
• Prominence: A newspaper story criterion focusing on well-known or popular subjects.
• Proximity: A newspaper story criterion relating to the geographical closeness of an event to the readers.

News Content and Influence

• Weather: Often considered the most important news broadcast section for many viewers.
• Sports: Particularly significant in regions like Texas.
• Media Control: The idea that an authoritarian elite group can control press content.
• 9/11 Reference: The term "Bastards" was noted in relation to the 9/11 attacks.
• Social Media: Holds huge influence

Core Branches of Linguistic Study

Semantics: The study of linguistic meaning in words, phrases, sentences, and symbols. It studies how languages organize and express meanings, focusing on dictionary meaning, structure, and relations between words. Pragmatics: The study of language and its effects on speakers in context. It focuses on the point of view of users, considering their choices, the constraints they encounter when using language in social interaction, and the effects of its use on participants. It focuses on the area between semantics and sociolinguistics. Lexicology: A branch of linguistics that studies the vocabulary of a language, including the nature, structure, meaning, and relationship of words. Lexicography: The art and science...

Introduction to Heraldry

Heraldry is both a science and a communication system. It uses a series of symbols, shapes, and colors that, when assembled according to specific rules and laws, create a "visual grammar." This grammar, when properly applied, defines a language: the language of Blazon. With this language, we can represent coats of arms or armories of families, lineages, institutions, kingdoms, and so on. To establish these armories and escutcheons, one must not only be proficient in drawing but also understand the laws and rules governing Blazon.

Key Terms in Heraldry

• Blazon: Designing weapons that can be found within the coat of arms.
• Blazon: The technique that allows us to describe a shield.
• Weapons: All those elements that are found within