Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for Arts and Humanities for Baccalaureate

Lexicology

Lexicology is the science concerned with the meaning of words. Every language has a wealth of lexical terms collected in a dictionary. In the case of the Spanish language, the Real Academia Española is in charge of guarding such a flow.

Semantics

Semantics is defined as the part of linguistics in charge of studying the significant relationships between words.

Sema

The minimum feature of meaning in a word.

Word Units

These units, plotted in writing, are subdivided into:

• Simple
• Compound
• Parasynthetic

Locutions

Locutions are formed by a combination of two or more lexicalized words, whose meaning does not equate to the partial sum of the meanings of their components. These can be complex textual units or lexical units.

Semantic Field

A semantic field...

Descripción

Personas

a) Exponga hechos generales sobre la persona, diciendo cuándo, dónde y cómo la conoció. Indique el motivo de la elección de la persona.

b) Describa la apariencia física, cualidades personales y aficiones o intereses.

c) Manifieste la actitud de la persona hacia usted.

Lugares

a) Se aplica a ciudades o construcciones, y/o razón de elección del mismo.

b) Describa los principales aspectos del lugar en detalle.

c) Incluya comentarios, sensaciones y/o recomendaciones.

Objetos

a) Dé el nombre del objeto y la razón de la elección del mismo.

b) Dé una imagen exacta del mismo. Debe incluir información sobre tamaño, peso, forma, diseño o decoración, color, origen y material. Inicie un nuevo párrafo para cada tema.

c) Incluya...

Contrast 1: Places, Landscapes, and Adjectives

• Remote: Remoto / Lejano
• Urban: Urbano
• Exotic: Exótico
• Deserted: Desierto / Deshabitado
• Rural: Rural
• Mountainous: Montañoso
• Rocky: Rocoso
• Flat: Plano / Llano
• Peaceful: Pacífico / Tranquilo
• Impressive: Impresionante
• Sandy: Arenoso
• Crowded: Abarrotado / Lleno
• Lively: Animado
• Noisy: Ruidoso
• Hilly: Ondulado / Con colinas
• Colourful: Colorido
• Desert: Desierto
• Excited: Emocionado
• Hiking: Senderismo
• Tired: Cansado
• River: Río
• Bored: Aburrido (sentirse aburrido)
• Mountain: Montaña
• Boring: Aburrido (que aburre)
• Stone: Piedra
• Huge: Enorme
• Modern: Moderno
• Grey: Gris
• Square: Plaza / Cuadrado
• Ugly: Feo
• Brick: Ladrillo
• Impressive: Impresionante
• Narrow: Estrecho
• Ancient: Antiguo
• Colourful: Colorido
• Glass: Vidrio / Cristal
• Stone: Piedra
• Beautiful:

Exercício 1: Criação de Tablespace

1-) Crie uma nova tablespace chamada sistemas, sendo o tamanho inicial 200MB e o datafile c:\bcodedados\orcl\data\sistemas_01.dbf.

CREATE TABLESPACE sistemas
  DATAFILE 'c:\bcodedados\orcl\data\sistemas_01.dbf' SIZE 200M;

Exercício 2: Adição de Datafile com Autoextend

2-) Acrescente mais um datafile à tablespace criada no exercício 1 com o tamanho de 50MB e que seja autoextensível de 25 em 25MB até um máximo de 150MB (utilize o nome sistemas_02.dbf — na mesma pasta do exercício 1).

ALTER TABLESPACE sistemas ADD
  DATAFILE 'c:\bcodedados\orcl\data\sistemas_02.dbf' SIZE 50M
  AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 25M MAXSIZE 150M;

Exercício 3: Criação de Role e Atribuição de Permissões

3-) Crie uma role chamada admsistema...

Essential English Vocabulary

City and Construction Terms

• Skyscraper: rascacielos
• Concrete: hormigón
• Office block: bloque de oficinas
• Bridge: puente
• Iron: hierro
• Steel: acero
• Stone: piedra
• Glass: cristal
• Storey: piso/planta
• Tear down: derribar
• Engineer: ingeniero
• Support: soporte/apoyo
• Spacious: espacioso

Urban Locations and Housing

• In the city centre: en el centro de la ciudad
• Main street: calle principal
• Car parks: aparcamientos
• Movie theater / Mall: cine / centro comercial
• Store: tienda
• Lift / Elevator: ascensor
• First floor / Ground floor: primera planta / planta baja
• Pavement / Sidewalk: acera
• Yard / Garden: patio / jardín
• Apartment / Flat: apartamento / piso

Nature and Leisure

• Shore: costa
• Spare: de repuesto
• Source: fuente
• Ruler: gobernante/regla
• Huge: enorme
• Resort:

Narrative and Theatrical Dialogue: Forms and Techniques

1) Narrative Dialogue in the Novel

The narrative dialogue: In narrative prose, especially the novel, narrative dialogue appears when the author introduces the characters' words into the relato, combining dialogue or monologue with the narrative. Dialogue or monologue is inserted into the narrative in the form of direct speech, which reproduces the exact words the characters say.

The narrator can explain or indicate who is speaking and how they speak through language and thought verbs (for example: answer, reply, accept, etc.). The usual typographical resources to introduce a character's words are quotation marks or dashes.

In the form of indirect speech, the narrator summarizes the characters'...

13th Century Spanish Prose: Foundations and Innovations

The Rise of Didactic Prose

Didactic prose emerged in the thirteenth century, a century later than the chansons de geste.

The emergence of prose opened new avenues for Spanish literature, history, thought, and science.

Alfonso X the Wise: A Cultural Catalyst

King Alfonso X the Wise was a key figure in 13th-century culture, promoting writing and the translation of important works from other cultures into Castilian.

Categories of Alfonsine Prose

Alfonsine prose is typically divided into five groups:

• Legal works
• Scientific treatises
• Historical chronicles
• Recreational literature
• Lyrical works (canticles)

Didactic Narrative and Don Juan Manuel

The thirteenth century also saw the development of didactic narrative

The Maidens: A Neoclassical Critique

The Maidens (El sí de las niñas) is a comedy by Leandro Fernández de Moratín, a prominent figure of Neoclassicism. The central love triangle allows the author to reflect on the societal pressures faced by women, who were often forced to marry against their own interests and feelings.

Didactic Intent and Social Commentary

The work serves a clear didactic purpose, criticizing the authority exercised by parents over their children regarding marriage. Stylistically, Moratín avoids excessive literary artifice in his dialogues. His approach is subjective rather than objective, clearly conveying his progressive opinions on the subject.

Formal Principles of the Enlightenment

Formally, the play adheres to the principles...

Leopoldo Alas "Clarín" — Criticism and Narrative

Leopoldo Alas "Clarín" — critical work and narrative

Leopoldo Alas, known by his pen name Clarín, was a literary critic known for the sharpness of his judgments. His articles reveal his preferences: he admired Balzac and, with reservations, praised Flaubert and defended Zola. Among the Spanish writers he praised Benito Pérez Galdós.

Narrative and Major Novels

As a novelist, Clarín began with La Regenta (translated as The Judge's Wife) published in 1884. He later published Su único hijo (1890), an estimable work though considered inferior to La Regenta.

Short Stories and ¡Adiós, Cordera!

In addition, he composed more than seventy short stories, in whose pages one finds tender and critical...