The Ethics of Street Art and Graffiti

Last week, I was walking with my family and we saw very beautiful graffiti on a wall. It was truly impressive and beautiful, but the problem is that the graffiti was on private property. I believe that all of those paintings should be in galleries and exhibitions because many people have a lot of talent that others can enjoy. However, many people create graffiti in illegal ways; they break the law because most of those people don't choose a free place to paint, opting instead for private locations.

Family Vacation in Barra del Chuy, Brazil

During the holidays, I went to Barra del Chuy in Brazil with my parents and my sister. I spent one week in Brazil; during that week, I went to the beach every day and played...

Understanding Film & TV Production

Key Elements of Film and Television

• Subtitles are helpful for people who cannot hear or understand a film's language.
• A critic writes about art, theater, or restaurants.
• A television show has viewers.
• A singer, an actor, or a dancer can give a performance.
• Films are set in a particular time period and in a certain place.
• Someone can have a role in a comedy, a TV program, or a play.
• You can shoot a video or a film.
• A film, a television drama, or a novel has a plot.

Behind the Scenes: Filmmaking Realities

• Actors have to be able to smile and laugh even when they are very unhappy.
• When a director thinks a scene is imperfect, it is shot again and again until it is exactly right.
• It is often impossible for an actor to earn

Ambition & Motivation

• Achieve: (conseguirlo)
• Achievement: (éxito)
• Challenging: (estimulante, desafiante)
• Fail: (suspender)
• Fulfil: (satisfacer)
• Get something right: (hacer algo bien, acertar)
• Get something wrong: (hacer algo mal, equivocarse)
• Goal: (objetivo, meta)
• Motivated: (motivado)
• Overcome: (superar)
• Pass: (aprobar)
• Put pressure on: (presionar)
• Satisfying: (gratificante)
• Success: Make it
• Strength: (virtud)
• Under pressure: (presionante)
• Weakness: (debilidad)
• Naturally: Gifted
• Lorry: Truck
• Tiny: Very small
• A visit: A trip

The World of Work

• Ad, Advert: (anuncio)
• Applicant: (candidato)
• Application form: (solicitud, formulario)
• Apply for: (pedir para trabajar)
• Boss: (jefe)
• Employer: (empleador)
• Experience
• Fill something in: (rellenar algo)
• Full-time ≠ Part-time
• Interview:

Language Definition: Understanding the Basics

Human language is a complex set of symbols. A sign is something that represents something else, taking its place.

Types of Signs

Three types of signs can be identified; all represent something else, but through distinct underlying relationships:

• An icon: This type of sign relates to what it formally and visually represents. (e.g., a traffic signal, a picture of cattle)
• A clue: Between the sign and what it represents, there is a causal relationship. (e.g., if you see smoke, fire is nearby)
• A symbol: A symbol is a conventional sign that has no formal or causal relationship with what it represents. (e.g., a red light)

Language itself is a combination of multiple signs.

Words and Concepts: The Building Blocks

The Enlightenment and Neoclassicism

The Enlightenment and Neoclassicism represent a major change both in ideas and artistic expression. The intellectual movement is known as the Age of Enlightenment (or Illustration), while the prevalent artistic expression is Neoclassicism. This cultural movement originated primarily in France and influenced all European countries. Its key features include:

1. Rationalism: The human being and reason are central, making it fundamentally a rationalist movement.
2. Critical Review: It involves a systematic review of all aspects of present and past reality. It is a movement critical of existing ideas, beliefs, institutions, and other aspects of society. The Enlightenment laid the foundations for subsequent revolutionary

Aesthetic Sensitivity and Character Expression

• Worship sensitive to beauty: Expressed through delicate shapes, figures, and faces where sweetness shines through.
• Serene attitudes: Movement is suggested through a variety of positions and foreshortening. Characters display expressions softened by shy smiles, interacting through subtle looks and hand gestures.

Compositional Clarity and Balance

The composition is defined by clarity, balance, harmony, and order. The scene occupies the foreground and is organized according to simple geometric patterns based on the triangle and circle.

• Characters establish communication that provides unity to the group through psychological and gestural interaction.
• The heads of the figures fall within the circular composition.

Rodin's The Thinker: An Iconic Sculpture

The Thinker is a renowned work by Auguste Rodin, one of the most influential sculptors of his time. In 1875, he traveled to Italy, where he was captivated by the movement and musculature in Renaissance sculptures (e.g., by Donatello and Michelangelo). This iconic piece, created between 1880 and 1900, is a bronze sculpture. It measures 71.5 cm x 40 cm and exhibits an Impressionistic style. Its theme is symbolic, and the sculpture is housed at the Musée Rodin in Paris.

Rodin's Artistic Development

Upon his return from Italy, Rodin gained recognition through the Parisian salons and several sculptures that showcased his distinctive style, characterized by strong forms and textured modeling.

Anatomy and Composition

The Narrative

What Is a Text?

A text is a statement or a set of consistent statements, oral or written, which have a communicative purpose.

Narrate Events

Narrate events means to relate actions and characters across time and space. Its intention is to inform, explain, entertain, or tell a story. If the purpose goes beyond aesthetics, it is a literary narrative.

Elements of the Story

Narrator

"Narrator:" a fictional or real voice that recounts the facts.

• In 1st person: The narrator appears as a character in the story (may be the protagonist or a witness).
• In 3rd person: The narrator relates events from an external perspective, with limited knowledge or with full knowledge (omniscient).

Objective (Objectivist) narrator: Tells what is seen without making...

1st. Point out the organization of the ideas of the text. A written statement of the question (Organization of the ideas of the text) should be distinguished, indicating the main idea of the proposed text and secondary or less important ideas (avoiding any purely anecdotal ideas). This should be written as a noun phrase (with its nucleus, its determinants, its adjacent appositions or your name) and not as a prayer. The main idea is what must be explained later. Authors use resources relating primarily to narrative and description to organize their texts:

• Narrative refers to matters, facts, or issues through exhibition, explanation, and argument:
  • Exposition is limited to expressing or presenting a specific question in depth.
  • Explanation deepens

Romanesque Art

During this period, religious belief was deeply ingrained in society, with a prevalent fear of the world's end. Early religious buildings were constructed as acts of appeasement to God, drawing inspiration from apocalyptic visions. Europe experienced a series of disasters, including poor harvests and widespread death, leading Christians to believe that God was displeased. This belief fueled the construction of churches and fervent prayer. The anticipated end of the world at the year 1000 did not occur, leading to the belief that the date had been miscalculated.

Art became intrinsically linked to religion, with Romanesque art emerging as an international style, fostering the creation of pilgrimage routes.

The Crusades

The Crusades...