Core Concepts of Information Systems and IT Infrastructure

Definition of Information Systems

An information system can be defined technically as a set of interrelated components that collect, process, store, and distribute information to support decision-making and control in an organization.

Definition of the Internet of Things (IoT)

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a computing concept that describes a future where everyday physical objects are connected to the internet and can communicate with other devices. The IoT is significant because objects that represent themselves digitally become something greater than the object by itself.

Relation Between Cloud Computing and E-business

To run an e-business, the support of cloud computing is essential. Main business processes are collected on the internet, and cloud computing helps manage an organization's technology—including data processing and storage—through the internet.

Why 3D Printers Are Disruptive Technology

Disruptive technology is a term used to describe a new technology that unexpectedly displaces an established technology. Disruptive technologies are substitute products that perform as well as or better (often much better) than anything currently produced.

This is why authors classify 3D printers as a disruptive technology; it is a new concept displacing the conventional printer.

What Is IT Infrastructure and Its Components?

IT infrastructure consists of the shared technology resources that provide the platform for a firm’s specific information system applications. It includes hardware, software, and services shared across the entire firm.

Major IT infrastructure components include:

• Computer hardware platforms
• Operating system platforms
• Enterprise software platforms
• Networking and telecommunications platforms
• Database management software
• Internet platforms
• Consulting services and systems integrators

Stages and Technology Drivers of IT Infrastructure

The five stages of IT infrastructure evolution are:

1. The mainframe era
2. The personal computer era
3. The client/server era
4. The enterprise computing era
5. The cloud and mobile computing era

Key technology drivers include:

• Moore’s Law: Deals with the exponential increase in processing power and the decline in the cost of computer technology, stating that every 18 months, microprocessor power doubles while the price of computing falls in half.
• The Law of Mass Digital Storage: Deals with the exponential decrease in the cost of storing data, stating that the amount of data stored on magnetic media for one dollar roughly doubles every 15 months.
• Metcalfe’s Law: States that a network’s value to participants grows exponentially as the network takes on more members.

Additionally, the rapid decline in communication costs and the growing industry agreement on computing and communications standards are driving an explosion in computer use.