Abrasions (Scrapes): Caused by rubbing against a hard surface, affecting the epidermis.
Incisions (Cuts): Caused by sharp-edged elements.
Punctures: Caused by sharp, pointed elements.
Contusions (Blunt Trauma): Caused by blunt objects.
Lacerations: Caused by objects with jagged edges.
First Aid for Specific Wounds
Abrasions (Scrapes)
Remain calm.
Wash the wound thoroughly with soap and water.
Cleanse the area.
Dry gently.
Apply an antiseptic (e.g., povidone-iodine).
If the wound is complex or deep, seek medical attention.
Incisions and Punctures
Remain calm.
Assess the wound.
If possible and safe, carefully remove any foreign bodies.
Wash the wound thoroughly.
Cleanse the area.
Dry gently.
Apply an antiseptic.
Cover the wound with a sterile dressing.
Seek immediate medical transfer.
Chest Injuries
Remain calm.
Position the person in a semi-sitting position.
Do not remove any impaled foreign objects.
Gather the edges of the wound with a sterile dressing.
Secure the dressing without applying pressure to the object.
Arrange for immediate medical transfer.
Abdominal Injuries
Reassure the person.
Focus on preventing shock (hypovolemic and septic).
Position the person in a semi-sitting position with knees flexed.
Control any external bleeding.
Do not attempt to reintroduce protruding organs.
Cover the wound with a clean, moist dressing without applying pressure.
Secure the dressing gently.
Arrange for immediate medical transfer.
Hemorrhage (Bleeding) Control
Types of Hemorrhage
Domestic
Medical
Traumatic
Specific Bleeding Situations
Epistaxis (Nosebleed)
Have the person lean forward slightly.
Pinch the soft part of the nose firmly for 10-15 minutes.
Do not pack the nose with cotton or tissue (no tamponade effect).
If the person is unconscious, place them in a recovery position on their side, with the bleeding nostril facing downwards.
Melena (Rectal Bleeding)
Ensure the person is on bed rest in a horizontal position.
Seek immediate medical attention.
Metrorrhagia (Vaginal Bleeding)
Position the person horizontally with thighs together.
Avoid any home treatments or interventions.
Seek immediate medical attention.
Types of Bleeding by Vessel
Capillary Bleeding: Characterized by slow, oozing droplets of blood. Usually stops on its own with direct pressure.
Venous Bleeding: Characterized by a continuous flow of dark red blood. Elevate the affected extremity. Apply direct pressure to the wound. If severe, apply a pressure bandage below the bleeding site.
Arterial Bleeding: Characterized by bright red blood spurting in an intermittent stream (pulsating). Apply direct digital pressure to the wound. If severe and direct pressure is insufficient, apply a tourniquet above the bleeding site as a last resort, and seek immediate medical help.
Internal Bleeding Manifestations
Hematemesis (Vomiting Blood)
Indicates bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract.
Position the person horizontally with knees flexed.
