Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for Technology for Vocational training

Telecommunications Glossary: Key Terms and Definitions

ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network)

ISDN is a network defined by international standards.

• ISDN Basic Access: Consists of two 64 Kbps channels and one 16 Kbps channel for signaling to the plant.
• ISDN Primary Access: Provides access to 30 basic channels (2 Mbps).
• Broadband ISDN: Refers to ISDN when the rate exceeds 2 Mbps.
• Narrowband ISDN: Refers to ISDN with speeds ranging from 64 Kbps to 2 Mbps.
• Channel B: ISDN data transmission channel at 64 Kbps.
• Channel D: ISDN signaling channel at 16 Kbps.
• TR1: ISDN Network Termination.

ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line)

ADSL is a broadband service with different rates for upstream and downstream data.

• Microfilter: Low-pass filter for ADSL to allow

4x4, AWD, and Transfer Case Systems

Limited Slip Differential

A limited-slip differential incorporates a mechanism to mitigate the standard differential's effect during situations where one wheel loses traction. This system engages automatically without driver intervention, unlike manual lockers.

Track-Lok

The Track-Lok system is a regular differential without locking. If one wheel rotates, the opposite wheel will generate the same torque. Part of the torque transmission from the crown gear is passed through a clutch. The clutch sets contain multiple clutch discs with radial grooves on plates made of fiber material.

Track-Lok clutches are engaged by two concurrent forces. The first is the preset force exerted by Belleville spring washers within...

Advantages of Plastic in Automotive Construction

• Weight reduction
• Impact recovery and resistance
• Resistant to oxidation
• Easily moldable

How Plastics Are Formed

Plastics are formed by large polymer molecules, also known as macromolecules.

Four Steps in Plastic Manufacturing

1. Obtaining raw materials
2. Synthesis of polymers
3. Adding molding and additives
4. Finishing

Polycondensation vs. Polyaddition

In polycondensation, monomers unite in a chain formation, while in polyaddition, formed chains bind to each other, similar to the general polymerization process.

Polymer Structures

Polymers can have various structures:

• Linear: Long chains of monomers linked by primary bonds.
• Branched: Secondary chains attached to the main chain.
• Reticulated (Crosslinked): One or more polymer

Power Transmission and Voltage Optimization

Tension is increased for transport to higher values, up to 400kV, using transformers to reduce transmission losses. This influences the design of high-voltage lines, optimizing costs. Standard transport values include 132kV, 220kV, and 380kV.

Key Electrical Definitions

• High Tension: A three-phase alternating current between phases with 1kV or more at 50Hz.
• Rated Voltage: The normal effective voltage between phases used for line operation.
• Higher Voltage: The maximum effective tension between phases that may occur due to defects or large load disconnections.
• High Voltage Usage: Typically 30kV, 45kV, and 66kV.

Distribution Networks and Transformation

The distribution network begins at the transformers and ends...

Creating a User

SQL Command

CREATE USER <nombre_usuario> IDENTIFIED BY <password>;

Granting Privileges

SQL Command

GRANT CONNECT TO <nombre_usuario>;

Creating a Profile

SQL Command

CREATE PROFILE profile_name LIMIT limit(s) range;

Limits

• SESSIONS_PER_USER
• CPU_PER_SESSION
• CPU_PER_CALL
• CONNECT_TIME
• IDLE_TIME
• LOGICAL_READS_PER_SESSION
• LOGICAL_READS_PER_CALL
• COMPOSITE_LIMIT
• PRIVATE_SGA

Range Options

• UNLIMITED
• DEFAULT
• Integer value

Example Profile Creation

CREATE PROFILE MyProfile LIMIT PRIVATE_SGA 50K;

CREATE PROFILE app_user LIMIT

• SESSIONS_PER_USER UNLIMITED
• CPU_PER_SESSION UNLIMITED
• CPU_PER_CALL 3000
• CONNECT_TIME 45
• LOGICAL_READS_PER_SESSION DEFAULT
• LOGICAL_READS_PER_CALL 1000
• PRIVATE_SGA 15K
• COMPOSITE_LIMIT 5000000;

Creating Additional Profiles

CREATE PROFILE

Network Hardware Definitions

• NIC (Network Interface Card): An Ethernet adapter that provides network access. Each card features a unique MAC address. A computer connected to a network is referred to as a node.
• Repeater: Extends the range of a physical connection by mitigating electrical signal degradation.
• Hub: Functions as a multi-port repeater, broadcasting every incoming message to all connected nodes.
• Bridge: Interconnects network segments by switching frames based on a MAC address table.
• Switch: Operates similarly to a bridge but supports multiple segments with higher speeds and advanced features, such as virtual networks and remote configuration.
• Router: Operates at the network layer (e.g., IP protocol) to route packets between interconnected

Functional Areas in TV Program Production

Program production centers consist of:

• Sets
• Production Control
• Post-Production
• Central Control
• Continuity
• Control Room Links

Essential Camera Accessories for Studio Use

A camera for studio use should include:

• Tripod or Pedestal
• Dolly
• Remote Control for Optics
• Studio Camera Monitor

Advertising Broadcast Source in a TV Station

Advertising is broadcast from the Continuity Control.

Purpose of Auxiliary Lines in Studio Control

Auxiliary lines receive signals from outside the production set, supplied through Central Control.

Differentiated Areas within a Mobile Unit

Within a mobile unit's working area, the following areas can be differentiated:

• Technical Control: Management of technical equipment.
• Production: Coordination and

Electrical Switching Devices and Components

Switching Device Definitions

Manual Switches

Manual Switches: A switching device with the capacity to interrupt or complete a circuit while under load.

Simple Switch

Switch: A switching device that opens and closes circuits without breaking them in a vacuum. Its primary function is to isolate a section of the power supply wiring to facilitate repairs and maintenance.

Circuit Breakers

Circuit Breaker: A switching device whose main function is to open a circuit under abnormal conditions (such as overload or short circuit). Note: They are often misused to manually disconnect loads.

Circuit breakers are also used as protection devices against indirect contact related to grounding. They shut down the system before...

Storage Units: Definition and Types

Item 10: Storage units are those that can permanently store data or programs. They allow modification and re-saving of data for later retrieval. Central microcomputer equipment always includes a hard disk drive and a CD drive. The IDE interface for hard disks and CD/DVD drives is the most commonly used. Motherboards typically have two connectors to connect up to four devices. The SCI interface, used in professional equipment, is currently seeing less use due to the steady growth in flash drive storage capacity.

Physical and Logical Structure of Storage

Storage structure is divided into two parts:

• Physical Structure: This refers to how the storage medium is divided and corresponds to where the information is

IP68 Protection Standards

The IP68 rating certifies protection against solid objects and liquids.

Electrical Safety and Human Physiology

1. What motivates the passage of electric current through the human body? All listed factors are correct.
2. Are all effects caused by electric current reversible? Yes, all effects are reversible.
3. What causes electrical burns? Burns can be caused by radiant heat, splashes of molten metal, or direct electrical fire sources.
4. What barrier protects us from thermal burns? The skin.
5. What determines the severity of burns? Severity depends on the depth of the action on the affected skin surface.
6. How are burns classified? Burns are classified into first, second, and third degrees.
7. What are the temperature thresholds for skin damage?