Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for Technology for University

Mechanical Pumping System Components

Polished Rod

The polished rod bears the weight of the sucker rod string, the subsurface pump, and the fluid column within the tubing. Made of durable material, polished rods typically come in diameters of 1 1/4 and 1 1/2 inches, with lengths of 16 and 22 feet.

Subsurface Pumping System Components

Sucker Rod String

The sucker rod string transmits the reciprocating motion from the surface pumping unit to the subsurface pump. Available materials include steel, fiberglass, and continuous rods, each designed for different well depths, loads, and fluid conditions.

Subsurface Pump

The subsurface pump is a critical element in designing a mechanical pumping installation for a well. Its type, size, and placement significantly...

Fibreboard. 1:50

Dimensiones paneles (general 120x150x0.8). Tornillos a 8cm (menos en la unión dos paneles que es a 4cm) del margen y entre ellos 28 en horizontal y 16 en vertical. Railes de unión de paneles ancho 10 raíl interior de panel ancho 5. General Fastening detail side view. Continuous T 80/100 mm alumninium profile with a thickness of 2mm. Fastened to the L 50/100 spacer (penetra 10cm en muro). Plaster thermal insulation wall plug (penetra 10cm) Ventilated gap 0.8cm thickness board + 19.5cm hasta mortero de limpieza (1cm). 0.8+4+10+5+0.5 General Fastening detail top view. En T tornilllos distribuidos 4+0.8+4. Alu profile (V-profile 0.6mm) para sostener superiormente el panel. Window detail side view. 2layers of mineral wool termal...

Flammable Liquid Storage

Definition: Liquids with an ignition temperature below 38 ºC that emit flammable vapors at low temperatures. Any package containing these fluids must be clearly identified.

Vessel Types and Maximum Capacities

• Small Containers: 0–20 liters
• Drums: 20–240 liters
• Intermediate Tanks and IBCs: 240–2,500 liters
• Ponds: Over 2,500 liters

Container Material Requirements

• 1-liter glass bottles
• Metal cans or plastic jars; 20-liter drums allowed
• Safety cans or 20-liter drums
• 240-liter metal drums
• Note: Rigid plastics and composite IBCs are prohibited.

Spill Control Systems

External containment must have a minimum capacity equal to the volume of the largest stored container.

Wiring and Electrical Safety

• Conductors must be in conduit with tight

Why are trials? 1) Identify properties of materials and determine their possible use 2) Quality control in manufacturing processes 3) Determine previous history and composition of materials 4) Establishing the causes of failure of the material in service 5) Study of new types of materials

Uniaxial tensile test: Performed with a standard specimen, a constant-load vellocidad and is a destructive test.

Hooke's law (elastic): ? _n = ? _n E · [MPa = 10 ⁶ N / m ² = kg / mm ^2]

E _{ceramic>metal} E> E _Polymer E ? ? ? ? ? Tfusion F _bond

Poisson's ratio: v =-? _lateral / _longitudinal ?

Yield strength: ? _and ? = 0.2 -> Polymers (? ? Max + min) / 2

Tensile strength (Rt): max. Rated voltage that supports the tensile specimen

Resistance to fracture:

Page 1

Scope of Energy
Dimensions of Energy

Page 2

Defining Concepts

• Energy Source
• Energy Resources
• Energy Reserves
• Energy Carrier

Page 3

Classification of Energy Sources

Page 4

OPEC as an Oligopoly

Page 4-5

The Crude Market: Acquisition of Materials

Page 5-6

Spot-Market Petroleum Products and Meeting Demand
Security Stocks and Strategic Reserves

Page 6

The Crisis of 1990

Page 7

The Oil Markets: Explaining the Crisis of 1997-99

Page 8

Location of the Oil Market After 9/11
Situation in 2008
Factors Influencing the Oil Market

Page 9

Profitability of the Oil Industry
Explaining its Effects on Oil Prices, Refining, Exploration, Production, and Consumption

Page 10-11

CORES: Objectives, Performance Criteria, Members, Financing

Page 11

The Control of Fuel Prices

Page 12

Energy Management
Objectives

Crystal Defects and Casting Faults

Crystal defects and imperfections occur during casting, resulting in volume changes and fissures. Rapid cooling produces larger grains that resist traction and increase hardness. Regarding porosity, types such as FN (effervescent), FV (unfit/fit), and calm FF are commonly used.

Physical and Mechanical Characteristics

Metals typically have a density of 7-9 g/cm³. They act as thermal conductors where Q = (t₁ - t₂) S / y and exhibit dilatation defined by ΔL = α · Δt · L₀. They are effective transmitters of sound and are weldable with or without filler material, under pressure, or both. In a plastic state, they are heat resistant and electrically conductive.

Mechanical Properties and Hardness Testing

Properties...

XML and XSD Fundamentals

XML is used for:

• Data storage and transport
• Platform-independent data exchange
• Web services communication (SOAP, API)
• Configuration files (Android apps, software settings)
• Structured document representation

XML File Example

This example includes a complex type, attributes, and specific data types:

<university>
  <student id="S101">
    <name>Rajan Pokhrel</name>
    <age>22</age>
    <dob>2003-05-10</dob>
    <address>Kathmandu</address>
  </student>
</university>

XSD (XML Schema Definition)

The following snippet defines the structure for the student element:

<xs:element name="student">
  <xs:complexType>
    <xs:sequence>

Functions of the Drillstring:

• Transmits rotation to the drillbit
• Exerts weight on the bit; the compressive force necessary to break the rock
• Guides and controls the trajectory of the bit
• Allows fluid circulation for cooling and cleaning

Components of the Drillstring:

• Drillpipe
• Drillcollars
• Accessories including:

• Heavy-walled drillpipe (HWDP)
• Stabilisers
• Reamers
• Directional control equipment

The Kelly:

• Transmits rotation and weight-on-bit to the drillbit
• Supports the weight of the drillstring
• Connects the swivel to the uppermost length of drillpipe
• Transmits drilling fluid from the swivel into the drill string

The Top Drive:

A combined rotary table and Kelly mounted on the rig's swivel, assisting in pipe handling during operations.

Drilling Problems:

• Pipe Sticking
• Lost

Power Divider

A current divider is a configuration present in electrical circuits that can fragment the power of a source of different impedances connected in parallel.

Suppose we have a current source I _C, connected in parallel with n impedances. The negative polarity of the source I _C - should be connected to the reference node. Impedances must close the circuit.

The dual circuit current is the divider voltage divider .

Current divider equations

For a current divider with n impedances, we have a scheme like this:

Electric power

Electrical power is the ratio of step energy per unit time, ie the amount of energy delivered or absorbed by an element in a certain time (p = dW / dt). The unit in the International System of Units is the watt or...