Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for Music for Primary education

The Classical Period (1750–1800)

The first state-run conservatory was established in Paris in 1795.

The period 1720–1790 aligns with the *Enlightenment*. The Classical era emphasized naturalness over artifice. This period also saw the rise of industrialization, such as engine cotton manufacturing.

Music and Language

Classical Movement Structure

The typical four-movement structure often includes:

• First Movement: Fast tempo, typically in Sonata Form, characteristic of the Classical period.
• Second Movement: Slower tempo.
• Third Movement: Minuet (or Scherzo), usually in triple meter.
• Fourth Movement (Finale): Lighter and fast, often combining Sonata and Rondo forms.

Key Terminology

Modulating: The process of moving from one key to another.

During 1750–1800,...

The Romantic Drama: Don Alvaro, The Troubadour, and Don Juan Tenorio

Key Features of Romantic Drama

Structure and Discourse

• Division of the work into composite days.
• Time in various settings.
• Mixture of verse and prose with a tendency towards polymetry.
• Breaking the rule of three unities, with secondary episodes and genre scenes.
• The conflict occurs in different places and may include jumps of years.
• Mixture of comical and tragic elements, in scenes of dramatic tension and other maxims of intense lyricism.
• High and colloquial styles.

Characters

• The protagonists are often unknown, noble, and generous, and are victims of a blind fate.
• Women love passionately but are condemned to killing and suffering.
• Many secondary characters appear.

Staging

• Staging had great

The Historical and Modern Significance of Music

• Music has always been important to human beings.
• Modern technology allows us to take our music everywhere we go.

The Risks of Loud Music Exposure

• Loud music can cause lasting damage to our hearing.
• In the past, most people were exposed to high volume only in short bursts.
• The possibility of listening to loud music every day is a contemporary problem.

Proposed Solutions for Hearing Safety

• Some specialists believe the answer should come in the form of legislation.
• Others suggest including warnings on product packaging.

Language Exercises and Grammar Practice

Vocabulary Review

1. Trigger
2. Stressed / Alarmed
3. Heeded
4. Extent
5. Severity

Passive Voice Transformation

1. The extent of the issue in the past wasn't known by people.
2. A

Athenian Rule in the 5th Century BCE

• 490 BCE: Athens defeats Persians at Marathon
• 404 BCE: Athens is defeated by Sparta in the Peloponnesian War
• Between these two events, Athens enjoys cultural and political supremacy.

Dramatic Festivals

• In honor of Dionysus, son of Zeus and Semele.
• Dionysus was reared by satyrs, killed, dismembered, and resurrected.
• In Attica, four annual festivals were held: Rural Dionysia, Lenaia, Anthesteria, and City Dionysia.

Origins of Tragedy

• Various hypotheses for the meaning of TRAGOIDIA or “goat song”.
• Aristotle’s Poetics: from improvisations by leaders of the DITHYRAMBS.
• Other hypotheses: recited stories, sung poetry, and narrative dance.
• First recorded author of tragedies: THESPIS.
• Thespis started dialogue between himself

Early Canadian Music and Folk Songs

Alexander Muir

• The Maple Leaf Forever (1867)

Calixa Lavallée

• O Canada (1880)

Eva Gauthier

• À la claire fontaine
• (French woman singing with choir men; old days; associated with the founding of Samuel de Champlain’s L’Ordre de bon temps in 1606)

Traditional

• J'ai fait faire un beau navire

Stephen Codman

• The Fairy Song (1824)
• (Fast running pace piano with soprano)

Joseph Vézina

• Le Fétiche: J’ai pour maison
• (Piano with baritone at first, then with soprano; operetta)

Harry Somers

• Louis Riel
• (Male baritone/tenor singing opera; about Métis leader Louis Riel, who was executed in 1885)

Isidore Soucy

• En Roulant Ma Boule
• (Old French recording with men; primary activity is paddling, sung to paddle faster with one person taking the

Langston Hughes: A Literary Legacy (1930s-1960s)

Langston Hughes, a pivotal figure in American literature, began his prolific career with the cordial reception of Not Without Laughter (1930), his first prose volume, shortly after his graduation. The 1930s marked a significant shift in his poetic focus, turning more forcefully toward racial justice and political radicalism.

Activism and Global Engagements

Hughes's commitment to social justice was evident in his extensive travels and reportage:

• In 1931, he traveled through the American South, notably decrying the injustices of the Scottsboro case.
• His international journeys took him widely across the Soviet Union, Haiti, Japan, and other regions.
• He served as a newspaper correspondent in 1937 during

Neoclassicism: A Reaction to Excess

Neoclassicism: The neoclassical art emerged in France in the second half of the eighteenth century as a reaction against the decorative excesses of the Baroque and Rococo. It continued in this country until the Napoleonic era, which was called the 'Empire Style'. It was a bourgeois art, austere and rational, based on the imitation of classical artistic designs, which gave it little originality.

Architecture

The architecture imitated Greek and Roman classical forms. Consequently, architects used stone as a material, recovered classical orders and proportions for supports, used casings or arched architraves, and favored pure and simple forms. The most common buildings were churches, palaces, and public buildings...