Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for Design and Engineering for Vocational training

Anti-Surge Control

Prevents the compressor from surging while maintaining operation as close to the limit as possible. This ensures that pumping valves operate with the minimum necessary movement, avoiding a loss of compressor performance.

Non-Linear Level Monitoring

Standard linear PID algorithms are often insufficient for non-linear processes. This control method utilizes specific programs that match the capacity of a given vessel to minimize variations in inflow or outflow when flow discrepancies occur.

Distillation Column Control

For distillation columns, the following variables are managed:

• Composition of impurities
• Temperatures of the rectification and stripping zones
• Head flow and temperature
• Bottom energy input
• Reflux-to-distillate ratio

Calculating

public static void main(String[] args) {

if(args.length >= 2) {

System.out.println("Inicio padre");

//Variables

ProcessBuilder pb = null;

Process p = null;

String[] args_alt = new String[args.length-1];

File path = null;

String line = "";

InputStream is = null;

InputStreamReader isr = null;

BufferedReader br = null;

for(int i=0; i<args_alt.length; i++) {

args_alt[i] = args[i];

}

pb = new ProcessBuilder(args_alt);

path = new File(args[args.length-1]);

pb.directory(path);

if(path.exists() && path.isDirectory()) {

try {

p = pb.start();

} catch (IOException e) {

System.out.println("Error al crear el proceso");

}

is = p.getInputStream();

isr = new InputStreamReader(is);

br = new BufferedReader(isr);

try {

while((line = br.readLine()) != null) {

System.out.println(...

Definition of Carbon Steel: Carbon steel is an alloy of iron and carbon (Fe-C) containing between 0.008% and 2.1% carbon, along with residual elements from the manufacturing process, such as phosphorus, sulfur, silicon and manganese.

Considerations:

• Used in most metal-part constructions. It accounts for up to 90% of metal materials produced.
• Low price relative to its mechanical strength.
• For practical use, steels with 0.05% to 1.5% C provide resistance to tension ranging from 32 to 60 kgf/mm².
• The yield strength of carbon steels can range from 17 to 27 kgf/mm².

Fe-C Diagram Definitions

• Hypoeutectoid steels: Steels with a carbon content below 0.8%.
• Eutectoid steels: Steels with a carbon content of 0.8%.
• Hypereutectoid steels: Steels with a carbon content

Sincronización Concurrente con Semáforos en Java

A continuación se presenta la implementación de dos hilos concurrentes (Monstruo y Almacén) que coordinan el acceso y modificación de recursos compartidos mediante la clase Semaphore de java.util.concurrent.

Clase Monstruo (Consumidor)

La clase Monstruo actúa como consumidor dentro del esquema clásico de concurrencia:

import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;

public class Monstruo extends Thread {
    Semaphore mutex;
    Semaphore entrada;
    Semaphore espera;
    Bean b;
    int galletasComidas;

    public Monstruo(Bean b, Semaphore mutex, Semaphore entrada, Semaphore espera) {
        this.b = b;
        this.mutex = mutex;
        this.entrada = entrada;
        this.espera = espera;

Análisis Estadístico de Telefonía Móvil en Java

El siguiente programa implementa la lectura de datos mediante consola para clasificar usuarios según su compañía telefónica (Movistar, Orange u Otros) y su modalidad de pago (Tarjeta o Contrato), calculando la cuota mayoritaria al finalizar el ingreso de datos.

Código Fuente del Ejercicio

package ejercicio24;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;

public class Ejercicio24 {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        String miTipo, miCompañia;
        int contadorTotal = 0, totMov = 0, totOr = 0, totOt = 0;
        int movTar = 0, movCon = 0, oraTar = 0, oraCon = 0, otTar = 0, otCon = 0;
        float porGanador