Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for Medicine and health sciences for University

Review Section 1-2

Foot and mouth disease is characterized by:

A: / is transmitted from animal to animal, serotype mainly related to human infection is 0

Yeasts that are related to industrial processes such as:

A: / sarcaromyces cerviciae

With regard to Clostridium perfringens

A: / Gram +, sporulated

Bacillus cereus is:

R: / produces mainly rice enterocolitis being food related to this table.

E. Coli always associated with watery diarrhea are:

A: / enterotoxigenic E. Coli - E. Coli.

Major mycotoxins related to human system box:

A: / patulin, aflatoxins, citrinin, fumosinas, ochratoxin

Gram - involved in food poisoning:

R: / Salmonella, Yersinia, shiguella.

According to WHO, main measures to avoid spread of bird flu:

A: / isolate birds, use of...

Milestones in the History of Medicine

6) Hahnemann (1818-1819), Palmer (1819)

7) Alcmaeon of Croton (500 BC) / Hippocrates of Cos (460 BC-?)

8) Aristotle (384-322 BC) / Herophilus and Erasistratus (4th century BC) / Empirical school (3rd-2nd century BC) / Asclepiades (1st century BC), Dioscorides (1st century AD), author of De Materia Medica / Galen (130-200 AD)

9) Hunayn ibn Ishaq (9th century), Introduction to Medicine / a) Razes (9th-10th century), Al-Abbas, Avicenna (10th-11th century) / b) Abulcasis, Avenzoar, Averroes (10th-12th century)

10) Galileo (1616, 1633, 1642) / Santorio and Descartes (17th-18th century) / a) Iatrochemistry (17th century), Paracelsus (15th-16th century) / b) Vitalism (18th century) / c) Empiricism (18th century)

12)

Business Ethics: The "Life and Death in Assisted Living" Case

This case study examines four ethical obligation structures, the constituencies of ethical business, professional ethics, and the ethical dilemmas presented by the "Life and Death in Assisted Living" scenario.

The Assisted Living Industry Landscape

Assisted living facilities house almost a *million American seniors* and represent a *billion-dollar business*.

George McAfee's Tragic Story

George McAfee, an elderly man suffering from *dementia*, required specialized care. His family selected Cypress Court, an assisted living home charging over $4000 monthly. However, after its acquisition by *Emeritus Corporation*, the quality of care significantly deteriorated.

A Fatal Incident of Neglect

One...

Was: I, she, he, it
Were: you, we, they

Parts of the Body

Questionnaires 3 and 4: Pain and Medical Assessment

Defining Pain

Pain: The feeling you have when part of your body hurts.

Terms Used with "Ache"

Mention the pains you know used with the term ache:

• Headache
• Stomachache
• Toothache
• Earache
• Backache
• Heartache

Soreness Description

What kind of sore do you use as a result of a wound, infection, or too much exercise?

Examples: "I have a sore throat." / "My foot is sore."

Causes of Pain

What causes pain? Hundreds of diseases, disorders, and conditions can cause pain, such as inflammatory syndromes, malignancy, trauma, and infection. In some cases, pain may be a symptom of a serious or life-threatening condition, such as a heart attack or cancer.

British English: Sick vs. Ill

What do sick and ill mean in British English?...

Tema 1: Health and Illness

Well: bien de salud

Fit: en forma

Sick: enfermo

Sleeping sickness: enfermedad del sueño

Travel sickness: mareo

Recovery: mejoría

Get over: sanar

Get better: mejorar

Get worse: empeorar

Complete remission: remisión completa

Partes del cuerpo

Ear: oreja

Cheek: mejilla

Jaw (mandible): mandíbula

Neck: cuello

Shoulder: hombro

Armpit (axilla): axila

Upper arm: brazo

Elbow: codo

Loin: quijada/lomo/dorsal

Forearm: antebrazo

Buttock: nalga

Wrist: muñeca

Hand: mano

Thumb: pulgar

Finger: dedo

Thigh: muslo

Calf: pantorilla

Leg: pierna

Foot: pie

Toe: dedo del pie

Hair: pelo

Forehead: frente

Nose: nariz

Chin: barbilla

Adam’s apple: nuez

Chest: tórax

Nipple: pezón

Breast: pecho

Stomach/tummy/belly: abdomen

Navel/belly button: ombligo

Hip: cadera

Palm: palma

Groin:

Conceptualizing Health

Fritzgerald argues that classifying all problems as medical limits our ability to cope with pain, illness, and death as part of life.

Today's massive health industry often promotes deceptive health products.

Fritzgerald emphasizes living a chosen lifestyle, experiencing life's journey rather than adhering to prescribed lifestyles.

An ideal of health has become a rigid definition.

Historically, health problems were a disgrace to individuals and families. Now, both problems and solutions are societal responsibilities, creating a two-way phenomenon.

Errors in self-care are sometimes considered societal crimes due to their collective impact.

Disease is often seen as evidence of misconduct, yet the concept of self-abuse is linked...

Breastfeeding: Nursing Activities to Promote It

Prenatal Consultation: Education and Misconceptions

LM. Nursing activities to promote it. In the prenatal consultation: Report on its advantages. Clarify misconceptions (e.g., breast deformity or alteration of sexual relations).

Maternity Ward: Initiation of Breastfeeding

In the Maternity Ward: Start early breastfeeding (within 30 minutes of delivery; the newborn has maximum suction capacity). Teach proper positioning and breastfeeding technique.

Teaching Breastfeeding Technique

• Adopt a comfortable position.
• Prepare the nipple: gentle massage if needed.
• The face of the infant should be directly in front of the chest, turned, able to swallow.
• Induce rooting to encourage a good latch.
• Alternate breasts during

Spanish Occupational Health and Safety Act

The Spanish Constitution mandates that public authorities establish principles to regulate and ensure the safety and health of workers within the company. The current Health and Safety at Work Act was published in 1995, with the primary aim of creating a working environment conducive to worker safety.

Core Concepts

• Occupational Health: The state in which a person develops their work functions without it negatively affecting their health.
• Working Conditions: Factors that influence the safety and health of workers, including:

A) Business Environment

Buildings, premises, installations, products, machinery, tools, and work vehicles.

B) Work Environment

Different levels of presence, concentration, or intensity...