Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Medicine and health sciences

Asthma Management Case Study

Patient: Michael Adams, 55-year-old male.

History: Diagnosed with asthma in early adulthood. No other relevant medical conditions or drug allergies. Uses a salbutamol inhaler as needed and a preventer inhaler twice daily.

Emergency Presentation

Admitted to A&E on Thursday afternoon following increasing shortness of breath and wheezing while cleaning his garage. Symptoms included chest tightness, wheezing, and anxiety.

Clinical Assessment

• SpO₂: 89% on room air
• RR: 28 bpm
• BP: 140/85 mmHg
• HR: 102 bpm
• Peak Flow: Below normal range

The patient admitted to inconsistent use of his preventer inhaler. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition causing airway narrowing, which can lead to acute exacerbations if treatment is not...

Medical Diagnosis and Terminology

• Diagnosis of exclusion: Diagnosis made by ruling out other diseases.
• Diagnostician: A medical professional who specializes in making diagnoses.
• Clinical diagnosis: Diagnosis made by looking at symptoms.
• Principal diagnosis: The main problem the patient needs treatment for.
• Pattern recognition: Knowing what symptoms match which disease.
• Laboratory diagnosis: Diagnosis made using lab test results.
• Radiology diagnosis: Diagnosis made from medical images (like X-rays).
• Antimicrobial: Kills or stops germs like bacteria or fungi.
• Biohazard: Something biological that can be dangerous (like viruses).
• Transmit: To spread an illness to another person.
• Bacteria: Tiny living things that can cause infections.
• Hand sanitizer: Gel or

Sequelae Untreated Maloc:1)Poor esthetics-2)caries-3)periodontal dis-4)Subs maloc more severe-5)mastication extraload digestive-6)swallowing-7)respiratory-8)TMJ-9)speech-10)Interference normal craniofacial growth-11)accidental fracture ant-12)Bruxism & clenching-13)Impaction cystic

Uses digital model:1)Visualization & Examination-2)Digital Space Cast Analysis & Measurements-3)Treatment Simulation & Patient Education-4)Bracket Positioning-5)Orthodontic Appliance Fabrication/Adv Digital Models:1)storage problems-2)easy diagnostic setups-3)accessible from multiple locations-4)easy shared-5)No risk breakage-5)easily manipulated-6)measurements less time & effort -7)Allows superimposition images treatment results-8)easy communication

CBCT

Microcytic Hypochromic Anemia

1. Iron Deficiency Anemia

Causes

• Physiological: Nutritional deficiency, menstrual iron loss, pregnancy, blood donation, gastrointestinal bleeding.
• Pathological: Excessive blood loss (peptic ulcers, carcinoma), excessive uterine bleeding.

Clinical Features

• Fatigue, pale oral mucosa/lips/eyes, koilonychia, sparse hair.

Oral Manifestations

• Glossitis, stomatitis, angular cheilitis, oral candidiasis, aphthous ulcers.
• Treatment: Ferrous sulfate, eliminate underlying cause.

2. Thalassemia

Also known as Cooley's anemia. Features include kyphosis, dark urine, and jaundice.

Oral Manifestations

• Spiky short roots, taurodontism, enlarged bone marrow, parotid gland swelling (iron deposition), caries.
• Treatment: Deferoxamine mesylate, RBC

Medicines → Medicaments / First Aid Kit → Farmàcia de primers auxilis / Band Aid → Tirites  / Nasal spray → spray nasal / Eye drops → Gotes per als ulls / Tissues → Teixits / Lip balm / Chapstick → Bàlsam de llavis / Shampoo → xampú / Conditioner → Condicionador  / Dandruff → Caspa /  Body ache → dolor corporal / Cold / Flu → Refredat / grip  / Sublingually →  Sublingualment / Tablets / Pills → Pastilles / píndoles / Syrup → xarop / Cough / drops → gotes per a la tos / Asthma pump → Bomba d’asma  / Weighing scale → Bàscula de pes / Sanitary pads → Coixinets sanitaris / Diapers → Bolquers / Baby wipes → Tovalloletes per a nadons  / Baby milk powder → llet infantil en pols / Lens solution...

Human Anatomy: English-Spanish Vocabulary

• Mouth / Boca
• Knee / Rodilla
• Ears / Orejas
• Lower Arm / Forearm / Antebrazo
• Breast / Pecho
• Eyes / Ojos
• Ankle / Tobillo
• Elbow / Codo
• Waist / Cintura
• Face / Cara
• Calf / Gemelos
• Fingers / Dedos
• Thorax / Chest / Pecho
• Lips / Labios
• Heel / Talón
• Upper Arm / Arm / Brazo
• Nose / Nariz
• Eyebrows / Cejas
• Navel / Umbilicus / Ombligo
• Eyelids / Párpados
• Abdomen / Abdomen
• Forehead / Frente
• Thigh / Muslo
• Hand / Mano
• Back / Espalda
• Cheek / Mejilla
• Toe / Dedo del pie
• Eyelashes / Pestañas
• Leg / Pierna
• Foot / Pie
• Mandible / Jaw / Mandíbula

Medical Symptoms and Signs: English-Spanish

• Fatigue (Symptom) / Fatiga
• Fever (Sign) / Fiebre
• High Blood Pressure (Sign) / Presión Arterial Alta
• Skin Rash (Sign) / Erupción Cutánea
• Lump (Sign) / Bulto
• Color (Sign) /

Diapo 1:

Hello my name is Alex and today I'm going to explain my ranking of nightclubs.

Diapo 2

Don't trust someone who tells you that they don't like the party; There's no discussion

Diapo 3: 

Now i want to ask you two things: First; who has tried alcohol? And what's your favourite drink?

Diapo 4:

Okay, we're going to start with the worst nightclub… The top 6 is fooooor:

Diapo 5

La cage SALOU, I went in August of the last year and I didn't like it because there were many foreigners, the music was a shit and all the things were very expensive, (The ticket on a Tuesday cost 20 euros).

Diapo 6: 

Okay, the top 5 is for...

Diapo 7: 

Tropic Lloret!!! I went the last Friday and there were A LOT OF foreigners, the music was well, but sometimes the DJ played...

Nail Health

🎧 Why does the woman visit the salon? C

What is true about the woman? A

🎧

• 1- Pedicure
• 2- Horrible condition
• 3- Split nails
• 4- Painful
• 5- Fixed up
• 6- Silk wrap nails
• 7- Natural nails

Artificial Nails: What You Need to Know

1- What is the purpose of the article? A

2- Which of the following is a difference between acrylic nails and gels? D

3- Why is the long-term cost of acrylics high? A

1- U-P-K-E-E-P

2- D-E-C-A-L-S

3- T-I-P-S

4- N-A-I-L B-I-T-E-R

5- A-C-R-Y-L-I-C-S

🎧

1. 1- The client doesn't like the frequent maintenance required by acrylic nails. T
2. 2- The man only knows how to apply acrylic nails. F
3. 3- The woman decides to get gel nails. F

🎧

1. 1- Don't need fills
2. 2- Maintain my acrylics
3. 3- Can get
4. 4- Natural
5. 5- Removal
6. 6- Soak them off
7. 7- Damage your nails

No

Food Preservation Techniques

Traditional Preservation Methods (TT)

• Curing: Addition of salt to preserve food.
• Cooling: A process of removing heat to slow spoilage.
• Heating: Heating food to temperatures sufficient to kill microorganisms.
• Canning: Cooking food and sealing it in sterilized cans.
• Fermentation: The process of converting carbohydrates to alcohol or organic acids using microorganisms.

Industrial and Modern Techniques (MIT)

• Pasteurization: A process that kills microorganisms in food and drink using high temperatures.
• Vacuum Packing: A method of packaging that removes air from the package prior to sealing.
• Artificial Food Additives: Substances added to products to prevent decomposition.
• Biopreservation: The use of natural or controlled microorganisms

Essential Kitchen Tools

Here are some common kitchen tools and their uses:

• Peeler: Used to peel carrots, potatoes, etc. (to remove the skin of vegetables).
• Ice Tray: Water is put into the container and placed in the freezer so that ice cubes are formed.
• Spatula: Used to handle food. For example, if you are cooking a hamburger, you can turn it or remove it with a spatula.
• Strainer: Used, for example, when you make macaroni. Put the pasta in the strainer to drain the water, leaving the pasta behind.
• Cutting Board: Used as a support when cutting food, preventing knife marks on the counter or other kitchen surfaces.

More Kitchen Items

• Wok / Frying Pan (sartén)
• Strainer (colador)
• Saucepan (cacerola)
• Peeler (pelador)
• Rolling Pin (rodillo)
• Casserole Dish (molde)