Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Medicine and health sciences

Anticholinergic Agents

ANTICOLINÉRGICOS naturales (atropina, escopolamina, homatropina) y sintéticos (de 3ª generación: trihexifenidilo y tropicamida; de 4ª generación: ipratropio, tiotropio, diciclomina, ciclopentolato, difenidol).

• Parkinson: trihexifenidilo, difenhidramina.
• Sinetosis (mareo por movimiento): escopolamina.
• Midriasis: tropicamida, homatropina.
• Broncoespasmo: ipratropio, tiotropio.

Receptores muscarínicos

• M1: agonista (acetilcolina); antagonistas: pirenzepina. Localización: ganglios autónomos, glándulas, SNC. Mecanismo: activación de IP3.
• M2: agonista: betanecol; antagonista: galamina. Localización: miocardio, músculo liso, SNC.
• M3: antagonista: darifenacina (L68). Localización: músculo liso, endotelio, SNC, glándulas.

Unit 6 Vocabulary

Vocabulary: Unit 6

• pastime: pastimes
• belongings: pertenencias
• soap: jabón
• gear: equipo
• get rid of: deshacerse de
• debts: deudas
• out of bounds: fuera de límites
• stuff: cosas
• bonfire: hoguera
• nag: fastidiar
• task: tarea
• refund: devolución
• receipt: recibo
• sweatshop: explotación
• bargain: ganga
• afford: permitirse
• splurge: derrochar
• merchandise: mercancías
• carry: llevar encima
• price-conscious: consciente del precio
• pick out: elegir
• so around: donar vueltas
• stock up on: abastecerse de
• give out: repartir
• snap up: aprovechar

Make: an appointment, a cake, a deal, a effort, a forecast, a decision, an impression, a mistake, a journey, a mess, a noise, an offer, a point, a promise, friends, to bed, trouble, no difference, plans, progress, a suggestion, a speech,...

Reading Comprehension

Sniffer Bees

Sniffer bees: C(a new use)-D(learn)-C(sends)-C(fit)-C(tiny)-B(they don’t)-A(are not)-A(diagnosis)

The Statues of Easter Island

The statues of Easter Island: C(is the most isolated)-B(are larger)-C(played)-C(land)-B(the inhabitants had eaten)-A(the Rapanui were fighting)-C(died of illness)-B(the Rapanui don’t)

Festival Entrepreneurs

Festival entrepreneurs: C(they are more diverse)-B(the tickets sell)-D(has plans)-A(you can make new)-A(you can travel without)-B(inconvenience)-B(companies like)-A(the economic)

Britain’s New Eco-Towns

Britain’s new eco-towns: D(no cars in)-C(land that was originally)-C(to use less water)-D(eco-towns are not green)-B(traffic)-C(tend to)-C(backing for)-A(harvested)

Film Sponsorship

Film...

Continuation of Item 4:

Incorrect Attitudes Towards Family Illness

The following are incorrect attitudes when dealing with the illness of a family member:

1. Permanently refusing to face reality, which negatively affects the patient's psychological development.
2. Overprotecting the patient.
3. Interrupting all recreational activities, i.e., not allowing distractions.
4. Falling into servitude, that is, doing everything the patient says. This can lead to the patient and family resenting this behavior and engaging in recriminations.
5. Having a passive and inept attitude, that is, not wanting to learn how to care for the sick person.
6. Maintaining feelings of rage and anger for an extended period, which often accompanies the illness.
7. Anticipating the mourning stage,

1000 Calorie Diet Plan: Sample Menu

The following 1000 calorie diet includes: 60g protein, 30g fat, and 120g carbohydrates.

Breakfast:

• 200 ml of skimmed milk
• 20g of white or wheat bread

Midmorning:

• Choose one food from the FRUIT group.

Lunch:

• Choose one food from the VEGETABLES group.
• Choose one food from the FARINÁCEOS (starch) group.
• Choose one food from the PROTEIN group.
• Choose one food from the FRUIT group.

Snack:

• Choose one food from the FRUIT group.

Dinner:

• Choose one food from the VEGETABLES group.
• Choose one food from the FARINÁCEOS (starch) group.
• Choose one food from the PROTEIN group.
• Choose one food from the FRUIT group.

Before Bed:

• 200 ml skimmed milk or 2 fat-free plain yogurts.

Oil: 10g = 1 tablespoon for the whole day, which can be olive, soybean,...

Amiodarona (Injetável)

Forma de Administração
Intravenosa

Indicações

A Amiodarona Injetável ATLANSIL é indicada para distúrbios graves do ritmo cardíaco, tais como:

• Taquicardias supraventriculares, com via de condução acessória atrioventricular suspeita;
• Taquicardias do tipo "Wolff-Parkinson-White";
• Taquicardias ventriculares sintomáticas e incapacitantes.

A forma injetável é indicada quando há necessidade de resposta rápida ou quando não pode ser usada a via oral.

Contraindicações

A Amiodarona Injetável ATLANSIL é contraindicada nos seguintes casos:

• Hipersensibilidade ao iodo, à amiodarona ou a qualquer um dos excipientes da fórmula;
• Bradicardia sinusal, bloqueio sinoatrial e doença do nó sinusal (sem que haja marcapasso artificial