Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Medicine and health sciences

Vocabulary for Conflict and War

Opposites and Antonyms

• Allies vs. Enemies
• Arm vs. Disarm
• Civilian vs. Military
• Defeat vs. Victory
• Defend vs. Attack
• Withdraw vs. Advance
• Occupy vs. Liberate
• Release vs. Capture

Key Conflict Terms

• Coalition: A combination of an alliance.
• Insurgents: Rebels or revolutionaries.
• Mass destruction: Weapons capable of high-scale damage.
• Security: Protection and safety measures.
• Suicide bombs: Explosive attacks carried out by individuals.
• Troops: Organized military forces.
• Violation: An act of breaking a law or agreement.
• Weapons inspectors: Officials who verify disarmament.

Action Collocations in Conflict

• Make a breakthrough
• Launch an attack
• Break the stalemate
• Give orders
• Put up resistance
• Suffer casualties
• Inflict losses
• Call up reinforcements
• Grind

English–Spanish Vocabulary and Phrasal Expressions

Short word pairs and translations

• Emerald: Esmeralda
• Hearse: carroza
• Tart: ácido
• Bare: desnudo
• Bore: perforar
• Core: núcleo
• Torn: romper / rasgado
• Tout: promocionar / recomendar
• Bout: combate
• Bolt: salir corriendo
• Pelt: piel de animal
• Peat: turba
• Beat: superar / vencer
• Brat: niño mimado
• Brag: alardear
• Crag: pico de la montaña
• Cram: memorizar rápidamente / empollar
• Pram: coche de bebé
• Prim: mojigato / pulcro
• Grim: enojado / severo
• Grin: sonrisa
• Gain: adquirir / obtener

Common idioms and collocations

• Make short work of it: Deal with something very quickly.
• Have your work cut out: To have difficulties in doing something.
• Work my fingers to the bone: Work very hard.
• Work yourself into a frenzy: To get extremely upset

Environmental Vocabulary

• Active: Activo
• Activist: Activista
• Approach: Acercarse
• Approve of: Estar de acuerdo con
• Auction: Subasta
• Avoid: Evitar
• Ban: Prohibir
• Believable: Creíble
• Bid: Puja / Pujar
• Can't face: No poder enfrentarse a
• Charged with: Acusado
• Clerk: Funcionario
• Complete: Completo / Terminado
• Convicted: Condenado
• Cool: Enfriar
• Court: Juzgado / Tribunal
• Crime: Delito
• Cut down: Talar / Deforestar
• Damage: Dañar
• Deforestation: Deforestación
• Demonstrate: Manifestarse
• Destroy: Destruir
• Disapprove of: En contra de
• Dishonest: Poco honrado
• Dispose of: Deshacerse de
• Drilling: Perforación
• Dump: Verter
• Endangered: En peligro de extinción
• Exploit: Explotar / Aprovechar
• Face: Enfrentarse
• Face charges: Acusación
• Face facts: Enfrentarse a hechos
• Freedom: Libertad
• Fuel: Combustible
• Global

Understanding Substance Use and Its Effects

Drugs are substances that cause serious damage to our physical and psychological health. Not all drugs are harmful, and not all are illegal. Many substances, such as coffee, alcohol, and even some medications, are present in our daily lives.

Pros and Cons of Consumption

Some perceive positive aspects of drug use, such as the initial moment of euphoria or the perceived ease of socialization. However, the negative impacts are significant, primarily the long-term risks to physical health and mental well-being.

Drug Trends Among Youth in Spain

In Spain, young people are starting to use substances at an earlier age. Typically, this begins with alcohol and tobacco, often progressing to illegal substances like...

Understanding Blood Pressure Health

What is considered normal blood pressure? A normal blood pressure in an adult is less than 120/80 mmHg.

Name two parts of the body that can be damaged by persistently high blood pressure:

• Blood vessels
• Kidneys, heart, and brain

Approximately how many adults around the age of sixty have high blood pressure? About half of all adults in that age group.

According to the video, what are the usual symptoms of high blood pressure? It typically causes no symptoms at all; therefore, routine screening is the only way to detect it.

What substance should you reduce in your diet? Salt.

Name two recommended lifestyle changes:

• Stop smoking
• Engage in regular exercise

Do people with high blood pressure have to stop drinking alcohol?

Key Australian History Milestones (1770–1901)

A brief timeline detailing the initial period of British contact and colonization in Australia.

• 1770: British navigator Captain Cook arrives in Australia.
• 1788: The first British colony is set up.
• 18th–19th Century: Thousands of British convicted criminals were sent to serve their sentences.
• 19th Century: Further voluntary immigration from Europe, gradually displacing the native Aborigines.
• 1901: Australia becomes an independent Dominion of the British Commonwealth.

Essential Vocabulary and Modern Workplace Jargon

A comprehensive glossary of terms, including corporate slang, professional definitions, and general vocabulary.

Adjust

Adapt.

Aspect

A machine used by call-center employees which contains the

English-Spanish Vocabulary Lists by Topic

Personality Traits

• Ambitious (ambicioso) vs. Pushy (sin escrúpulos)
• Assertive (asertivo) vs. Bossy (mandón)
• Broad-minded (de mente abierta) vs. Narrow-minded (de mente cerrada)
• Determined (decidido) vs. Stubborn (cabezón)
• Easy-going (fácil de tratar) vs. Nervous (nervioso)
• Generous (generoso) vs. Tight-fisted (tacaño)
• Frank (franco) vs. Brusque (brusco)
• Gifted (talentoso) vs. Slow (lento)
• Mature (maduro) vs. Immature (inmaduro)
• Modest (modesto) vs. Big-headed (creído)
• Tactful (con tacto) vs. Tactless (sin tacto)
• Outgoing (sociable) vs. Reserved (reservado)
• Self-confident (seguro de sí mismo) vs. Arrogant (arrogante) or Insecure (inseguro)

Buying and Selling

• Afford (permitirse algo)
• Bargain (ganga)
• Cash (dinero

Mastering Causative Verbs: "Have Something Done"

This section demonstrates how to transform active sentences into causative structures using the verb "have" (or "get"), focusing on situations where the subject arranges for an action to be performed by someone else.

Example:

• John will have someone bring him the post. (John will have the post brought to him.)

Practice Sentences:

• The make-up artist was applying the model's lipstick. (The model was having lipstick applied.)
• Ask the cook to prepare the vegetables. (Have the vegetables prepared.)
• Have you told the accountant to check the figures? (Have you had the figures checked?)
• Jim hates the teacher correcting his mistakes. (Jim hates having his mistakes corrected.)
• Did the beautician paint Joanne's nails?

Essential Tools and Hardware Vocabulary

• Screw (tornillo)
• Washer (arandela)
• Spring (muelle)
• Clip
• Hook (gancho)
• Belt (correa)
• Nut (tuerca)
• Bolt (tornillo de cabeza)
• Clamp (abrazadera)
• Cog (rueda dentada)
• Gauge (indicador)
• Fuse (fusible)
• Drill (taladradora)
• Hose (manguera)
• Plug (enchufe)
• Socket (toma de corriente)
• Tape measure (metro)
• Ruler (regla)
• Hard hat (casco)
• Glove (guante)
• Microphone (micrófono)
• Bulb (bombilla)
• Cart (carretilla)
• Lead (alargador)
• Pallet (paleta)
• Bottle (botella)
• Pipe (tubería)
• Wheel (rueda)

Days of the Week and Seasons

Days of the Week

• Monday (lunes)
• Tuesday (martes)
• Wednesday (miércoles)
• Thursday (jueves)
• Friday (viernes)
• Saturday (sábado)
• Sunday (domingo)

Seasons

• Autumn (otoño)
• Winter (invierno)
• Summer (verano)
• Spring (primavera)

Common Actions and Adjectives

• Open