Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Medicine and health sciences

Common Medical Terms, Hospital Items, and Phrases

Medicine and health sciences3.05 KB

Common Medical Terms and Hospital Essentials

1. Low Oxygen Level: Hypoxemia

2. High Pulse: Tachycardia

3. High Temperature: Fever

4. Low Blood Pressure: Hypotension

Hospital Item Disposal

1. Razors: Sharps box

2. Towels: Linen bag

3. Plasters: Disposable bag

4. Hospital Gown: Linen bag

Describing Pain Levels

No Pain: Slight, painless

Mild Pain: Dull, throbbing, aching, painful

Severe Pain: Excruciating, acute, sharp

El ejercicio es de redondear y empieza con de dirty room… (Exercise is about rounding and starts with the dirty room...)

1d/2a/3b/4a/5c/6d

GIS: Gastrointestinal System

Vital Signs Example

BP 89/128 mmHg, P=92 bpm, R=18 breaths per minute, Oxygen Saturation= 96%

Patient Scenarios and Restrictions

He is watching TV and has the volume quite high.

You...

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Rh Isoimmunization Prevention and Cervical Health Screening

Medicine and health sciences7.1 KB

Rh Prophylaxis and Prenatal Rh Screening

Prophylaxis of Rh

NIPT = check the fetal blood, by amniocentesis (positive) Free fetal DNA in mother

Susceptible:

Mom Rh(–) / Father Rh(+) / Genotype: amniocentesis

Mom should be checked W11–13, 20 and 27

If mother is Rh(–), give Rho(D) immune globulin (Rhogam) at 28 weeks and within 72 hours of delivery or an invasive procedure.

Rhogam is an antibody against Rh(D) antigen. It binds fetal Rh(D)+ red cells and masks the antigen from the maternal immune system, preventing maternal sensitization and subsequent immune response.

Rhogam: anti‑RhD antibody.

Risk factor (RF): hemolytic anemia of the fetus.

Cervical Dysplasia and Staging

Cervical dysplasia (Gx): abnormal tissue growth, a precancerous condition which

...
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Essential English Vocabulary Categories for Daily Life

Medicine and health sciences3.27 KB

Essential English Vocabulary Categories

Family and People

  • Family: ex-husband, ex-wife, kids, only child, orphan, partner, triplets.
  • People’s ages: adult, baby, child, teenager, toddler.
  • Describing character: serious, arrogant, hard-working, organized, easy-going, confident, ambitious, intelligent, romantic, quiet, independent, innovative, creative, charming, reasonable, mature, modest, sociable, loyal, sensitive, optimistic, pessimist, vain.
  • How you feel: confused, satisfied, disappointed, nervous, depressed, relieved, frustrated, shocked, excited, stressed, homesick, upset.
  • Love and marriage: divorced, married, separated, single, widowed, affair, fancy, go out with, live with, relationship, romantic, split up.

The Human Body and Senses

  • Your body:
...
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Urological Diagnostics and Clinical Management Protocols

Medicine and health sciences3.22 KB

Urological Symptom Assessment

  • Macrohematuria: Cancer
  • Fever: Infection (Prostatitis/Obstructive Pyelonephritis)
  • CANT: Acute Urinary Retention (ARU)
  • NO: Trauma
  • Decreased Flow: BPH/Prostate Cancer
Urine Flow IssuesFlank PainCancer Screening
  • Inspect
  • IPSS
  • PSA
  • US
  • Uroflowmetry
  • Residual Volume
  • DRE
  • Biopsy
  • UA
  • US
  • Urogram
  • Contusion: UA, CBC, US, Helical CT Abdomen
  • CBC
  • UA
  • PSA
  • Coagulation Test (PT/INR)
  • DRE
  • US
  • Cystoscopy

Stone Diagnostics

  • UA
  • 24-Hour Urine (Cr, Ca)
  • Biochemistry (BUN, Cr)
  • CT Scan

Differential Diagnoses

  • Acute Prostatitis / Acute Pyelonephritis (Sinistra)
  • Carcinoma Vesicae Urinariae / Hyperplasia Glandulae Prostatae

Medication: Combodart

  • Alpha-1 Adrenergic Antagonist: Tamsulosin 0.4mg/day
  • 5-Alpha Reductase Inhibitor: Finasteride 5mg/day

Laboratory Reference Ranges

Blood ParametersUrinalysis
...
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Social Challenges in Spain: Education, Bullying, and Employment

Medicine and health sciences2.38 KB

The Importance of Public Education in Spain

In conclusion, I agree that every school should be public in Spain. Access to quality education ensures a better future and provides the necessary foundation to pursue a university degree.

Addressing Bullying in Spanish Schools

Is bullying a significant problem in Spanish schools today? At first sight, I believe bullying is becoming more widespread because many people are unaware of the severe consequences it causes.

  • Root Causes: Bullying is often perpetrated by young people who do not understand the harm they inflict, despite the increasing number of awareness programs.
  • Impact: In my opinion, victims of bullying often suffer due to a lack of self-esteem or a lack of support from their peers.
  • Seeking Help:
...
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Pediatric Endocrine Disorders: Clinical Management

Medicine and health sciences4.82 KB

Hypothyroidism

Causes
  • Prenatal exposure to radioiodine
  • Maternal use of anti-thyroid medication
Symptoms
  • Asymptomatic
  • Prolonged jaundice
  • Wide fontanelle
  • Macroglossia
  • Umbilical hernia
  • Hypotonia
  • Abdominal distension
Diagnosis
  • Risk of mental retardation/cretinism
  • High TSH
  • Low Free T4
  • Screening: 2nd-4th day of life
TreatmentLevothyroxine

Hyperthyroidism

Causes
  • Maternal Graves disease
  • Transplacental IgG passage
Symptoms
  • Weight loss
  • Sweating
  • Heat intolerance
  • Agitation
  • Goiter
Diagnosis
  • TSH receptor autoantibodies
  • TSH and Free T4 levels
  • Ultrasound, Scintigraphy
Treatment
  • Antithyroid medication (e.g., thiamazole)
  • Beta-blockers
  • Diazepam
  • Thyroidectomy

Adrenal Insufficiency

Causes
  • Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
  • Meningococcal septicemia
  • Adrenal hemorrhage
  • Cessation of glucocorticoid therapy
  • Adrenoleukodystrophy
...
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Legalizing Medical Marijuana: Health, Revenue, and Ecology

Medicine and health sciences2.53 KB

Introduction

Did you know that in many countries medical marijuana is illegal? It has been debated for years and will likely be debated for many more. Medical marijuana should be legalized because of the many possibilities in the medical field for health reasons, additional revenue for the government and community, and its environmental sustainability.

Marijuana Used for Health Reasons

For years, marijuana has been successfully used to help people with serious health issues. Key medical applications include:

  • Marijuana use can help treat and prevent the eye disease glaucoma.
  • The most common reason people seek medical marijuana is for chronic pain. Marijuana alleviates pain, reduces inflammation, and promotes sleep, which may help relieve suffering.
...
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Essential Traffic Laws and Safe Driving Practices

Medicine and health sciences2.55 KB

Intersection Maneuvers and Right-of-Way

Left Turns with Heavy Oncoming Traffic

Question: You want to turn left at an intersection. The light is green, but oncoming traffic is heavy. What should you do?

Answer:

  1. Wait in the center of the intersection for traffic to clear.

Simultaneous Arrival at an Intersection

Question: When two cars arrive at an intersection at the same time, who must yield?

Answer:

  1. The car must yield. (Note: Generally, the car on the left yields to the car on the right.)

Signaling Requirements

Question: When planning to make a turn, how far in advance should you activate your turn signals?

Answer:

  1. 3 to 4 seconds before you reach the intersection.

Blocked Intersections

Question: If you approach an intersection that is blocked by other traffic,...

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Human performance

Medicine and health sciences2.83 KB

issues(problemes): performance(rendiment), assessment(avaluacio), rehydratation strategies, sex, sweating rate. -- increase risk: initiate dehyated, multiple training, diuretics

Cause: Hyponatremia(< ~130mmol/L): EAH headache, nausea, dizziness, and muscle weakness, Encephalopathy, pulmonary edema and Overdrinking
Effect in exercise: endurance performance (rendiment de la resistencia), cardiovascular, termoregulacio, menys intensitat muscle strength, power
Termoregulacio: hypetermia incrementa dehidratacio i viceversa. (augment Tºc of the body and low body water content) -- causa: augment limit suduracio i vasodilatacio cutanea, menys sour xq menys volum circular i aclimatitzacio. Begudes refrescants. Osmolarity, isotonic hypovolumia
Decreased
...
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Essential Vocabulary and Contextual Usage Mastery

Medicine and health sciences3.5 KB

Categorized Vocabulary

Types of People

  • People: Epicure, dolt, novice, dissenter, entrepreneur, emissary, troupe, sluggard, equestrian, dissident, swindler, impresario, electorate.

Funerals

  • Funerals: Eulogy, dirge, elegy.

Religion

  • Religion: Profane, theology, devout, ecclesiastical.

Money and Finances

  • Finance: Gratis, impoverish, foreclose, exorbitant, fiscal, impecunious, prosperous.

Government and Official Matters

  • Government: Emissary, fiat, embargo, edict, incumbent, electorate, monarch.

Words and Communication

  • Communication: Elocution, eulogy, diatribe, discourse, tirade, expostulate, epilogue, double entendre, discursive, edict, explicate, prevaricate.

Critical Thinking and Usage

  • If a witness gave testimony under duress, would that statement be considered
...
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