Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Employment training and career guidance

Music Industry Vocabulary

• Lead singer: cantante
• Composer: compositor
• Disc jockey: DJ
• Violinist: violinista
• Guitarist: guitarrista
• Drummer: batería
• Fans: fans
• Conductor: director
• Play: tocar
• Record: grabar
• Write: escribir
• Sing: cantar
• Release: publicar
• On stage: en el escenario
• In the charts: en las listas
• In a recording studio: en un estudio de grabación

Verb and Adjective Prepositions

• Hear about: oír sobre
• Depend on: depender de
• Agree with: estar de acuerdo con
• Work at: trabajar en
• Work on: trabajar en algo
• Good at: bueno en
• Proud of: orgulloso de
• Similar to: parecido a
• Angry with: enfadado con

Conditional Sentences and Grammar

• If I had known he was going, I would have gone.
• Simon would have studied harder if he had known.
• She wouldn't have sat in the seat if she had

Analyzing Advertising Effectiveness and Consumer Behavior

This section addresses key questions regarding modern advertising methods, ethics, and influence on purchasing decisions.

1. Most Effective Ways of Advertising

The most effective ways of advertising are those featuring an attractive product and slogan that successfully reaches the target audience. For example, Nike's advertisements on TV or social media are highly effective due to their strong branding and targeted placement.

2. The Power of Word-of-Mouth Marketing

I agree that word-of-mouth is highly effective. This means that satisfied customers recommend products to others. For example, when a friend recommends a product because they have already tried it and are satisfied, you buy it...

1. Relative Sentences

1. He looked up a new case. The traces of the case had already been checked up. = The traces of the case WHICH he looked up had already been checked up.
2. Leonardo DiCaprio has just won an Oscar. He starred in many selected films. = Leonardo DiCaprio, WHO starred in many selected films, has just won an Oscar.
3. Tim used to volunteer and help out in Oxfam. His siblings work as clerks. = Tim, WHOSE siblings work as clerks, used to volunteer and help out in Oxfam.
4. I kept my notes in the leather wallet. It was in the second drawer. = I kept my notes in the leather wallet WHICH was in the second drawer.

2. Conditional Sentences

1. Unless he trains for longer, he WON’T win the race.
2. Supposing he belonged to a Charity House, he WOULD help out

Ordering office supplies:

• delivery - entrega
• delivery date - fecha de entrega
• discount - descuento
• gie a reduction - hacer un descuento
• invoice - factura
• payment date - fecha de pago
• payments - pagos
• price - precio
• price per unit - precio unitario
• quality - calidad
• quantity - cantidad
• run low of - quedar poco de algo
• run out of - quedarse sin
• subtotal

Extra

• Assorted colours - surtido de colores
• bulletin board - tablón de noticias
• delivery fee - tasa de entrega
• dozen - docena
• exactly - exactamente
• goods - bienes o mercancías
• half a dozen - media docena
• offer - oferta
• paper cutter - guillotina
• place an order - hacer un pedido
• receipt - recibo
• refund - reembolso
• rubber band - gomilla
• ruler - regla

Grammar

• Present Simple - She sends e-mails every day.
• She is typing a letter

Audio

Travel Agent: Organized and Communicative

• Excellent customer service skills.
• Highly organized and communicative.
• Confident in speaking with people.
• Strong sales skills.
• Proficient IT skills.

A travel agent needs excellent customer service skills. They also require strong sales abilities to sell holiday and travel products to customers. Furthermore, good IT skills are essential to find information and make bookings online.

Flight Attendant: Customer-Focused and Efficient

• Customer-focused and efficient.
• Calm and patient.
• Strong communication skills.
• Effective team player.
• Knowledge of first aid and medical procedures.

A flight attendant must be a good communicator who can interact with people from diverse cultures and work effectively within a team....

Expand your English proficiency with this curated list of essential words, phrasal verbs, and common expressions, complete with Catalan and Spanish translations. This resource is designed to help you enhance your communication skills and deepen your understanding of everyday English.

Core Vocabulary & Nouns

• A Will: un testament
• Soft Drinks: refrescos
• Hazard: perill
• Status Quo: el que està establert
• A Say On: tenir veu
• Thrill Seeker: amante de la adrenalina
• Runner-up: Segundo puesto
• Bribe: soborno
• Disgrace: vergonya
• Deception: engany

Verbs & Phrasal Verbs

• Withdraw: retirar
• Toy With: jugar
• Take On: adquirir
• Pick On: tractar malament/injustament
• Leave Out: excloure
• Get Rid Of: desfer-se
• Stick: mantenir-se
• Dropped To: caigut a
• Lift: aixecar
• Hesitate: dubtar
• Spring

Grammar

Present Continuous Tense

I am eating food (yo estoy comiendo)

Are you eating? (estas comiendo)

Stative Verbs

I hate sport (odio los deportes)

Simple Past Tense

He rented a car (el rento un carro)

Simple Past Tense of "to be"

He was tired (el esta cansado)

The party was not good (la fiesta no esta buena)

Sensory Verbs

• Smell (huele)
• Feel (siente)
• Look (ve)
• Taste (sabe)
• Sounds (se oye)

Future "be going to"

We are going to buy a new car (nosotros vamos a comprar un carro nuevo)

Will for Predictions and Immediate Decisions

Will it be windy? (ira a estar vientoso)

Vocabulary

• Frozen = congelado
• Draw = dibujar
• Windy = ventoso
• Coal = carbon
• Rope = cuerda
• Lot of damage = mucho daño
• Self aware = precavido
• Global trade = intercambio global

Conversation

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English Conditional Sentences

0) Zero Conditional: If + Present Simple, + Present Simple (If you heat water at 100, it boils)

1) First Conditional: If + Present Simple, + will + Infinitive (If it rains tomorrow, we won't go to the beach)

2) Second Conditional: If + Past Simple, + would + Infinitive (If I won the lottery, I’d buy an island)

3) Third Conditional: If + Past Perfect, + would have + Past Participle (If you had studied, you would have passed)

m) Mixed Conditional: If + Past Perfect, + would + Infinitive (If you hadn’t drunk that much, you wouldn’t have a hangover now)

Reported Speech and Reporting Verbs

• Announce, believe, complain, declare, insist, state + that
• Persuade, remind, inform, warn + someone + that
• Agree, offer, promise, refuse,

Causative Structures

Have something done: Arrange for someone else to do something for you (e.g., She had it repaired).

Get something done: Used with the same meaning as 'have' or to describe something happening to someone (e.g., Have you ever had your bike stolen?).

Verbs Followed by -ing (Gerunds)

Common verbs: enjoy, mind, suggest, stop, finish, postpone, consider, admit, deny, avoid, risk, imagine, fancy, give up, put off, go on, carry on, keep.

• Example: They denied doing anything wrong; I don't fancy going.
• Passive form: Being done/seen/kept (e.g., I don’t mind being kept waiting).
• Finished actions: Having done/stolen (e.g., They admitted stealing the money).

Verbs Followed by the Infinitive (to)

Common verbs: offer, agree, refuse, decide, plan,

Verbs Followed by Gerunds

• ADMIT
• ADVISE
• AVOID
• BEGIN
• CAN'T HELP
• CAN'T STAND
• CAN'T IMAGINE
• COMPLETE
• CONSIDER
• CONTINUE
• DELAY
• DETEST
• DISCUSS
• DISLIKE
• DON'T MIND
• ENJOY
• FINISH
• FORGET
• GIVE UP
• GO ON
• HATE
• IMAGINE
• INVOLVE
• KEEP
• LIKE
• LOVE
• MENTION
• MIND
• MISS
• POSTPONE
• PRACTICE
• PREFER
• RECALL
• RECOMMEND
• REGRET
• REMEMBER
• REPORT
• RESIST
• RISK
• START
• STOP
• SUGGEST
• TRY
• UNDERSTAND

Verbs Followed by Infinitives

• AFFORD
• AGREE
• APPEAR
• ARRANGE
• ASK
• ATTEMPT
• BEG
• BEGIN
• CHOOSE
• CONSENT
• CONTINUE
• DARE
• DECIDE
• DEMAND
• EXPECT
• FORGET
• GET READY
• GO ON
• HATE
• HOPE
• INTEND
• LEARN
• LIKE
• LOVE
• MANAGE
• NEED
• NECESSITATE
• OFFER
• PREPARE
• PRETEND
• PROMISE
• REFUSE
• REMEMBER
• SEEM
• START
• STOP
• THREATEN
• TRY
• WAIT
• WANT
• WISH

Verbs Accepting Both Gerunds and Infinitives

• LIKE
• LOVE
• START
• HATE
• BEGIN
• CONTINUE

Verbs que Canvien de Significat: Gerund vs. Infinitiu

• FORGET
  • -ING: Oblidar una acció passada (no recordar haver-