Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for Social sciences for Baccalaureate

Teen Spirit

• 1. a) p3, b) p4
• 2.
  • a) False: "First we blamed... to 25 years."
  • b) True: "These results... brain's development."
  • c) False: "The truth remains... any easier."
• 3. a) transition, b) concerned, c) baffled, d) massive
• 4. 1-c, 2-b, 3-a

Spain's Jobless Women

• 1. a) p1, b) p3
• 2.
  • a) False: "If you are young... 54.7%."
  • b) True: "In the past decades... the public sector."
  • c) False: "These days... a lot of employees."
• 3. a) set up, b) alternative, c) resulted in, d) chance
• 4. 1-c, 2-a, 3-b

Turning Education

• 1. a) p1, b) p3
• 2.
  • a) True: "The principal of Clintondale... have visited them."
  • b) True: "It's well known... is booming."
  • c) False: "Courses are being... in his garage."
• 3. a) available, b) booming, c) impressive, d) displace
• 4. 1-a, 2-b, 3-a

Research Ship Trapped

1. What force pulled a nebula inward to make our solar system? Gravity

2. How much of the solar nebula was pulled into the sun (percentage)? 99%

3. How were the planets made from the leftover gas and dust? The gas & dust contracted into planetesimals, which collided, merged and formed protoplanets. The protoplanets accumulated more rocks until they became planets.

4. How did Earth get its layers? Differentiation; the most dense matter moved to the center, lighter masses were pushed up.

5. Which gases made up Earth’s earliest atmosphere? What happened to them? Hydrogen and helium; they floated off into space because the Earth’s gravity was not strong enough to hold them down.

6. What gases were next to fill the atmosphere? Where did they

Do Muslim Women Really Need Saving? (Lila Abu Lughod)

This analysis explores the current war on terrorism, questioning whether anthropology can offer critical insight into the justifications made for American intervention in Afghanistan, specifically concerning the liberation or saving of Afghan women.

Skepticism Regarding Focus on Muslim Women

The author suggests it is easy to be skeptical about the focus on Muslim women when considering the initial US public response. She analyzed two key manifestations of this response:

1. PBS NewsHour and Laura Bush's Address

The author examined an interview on PBS NewsHour with Jim Lehrer and First Lady Laura Bush's radio address to the nation in November 2001. When asked to provide background for a segment...

Minority Group Dynamics

Sociologists define minority status through four primary models of interaction between racial and ethnic categories within a society: Pluralism, Assimilation, Segregation, and Genocide. These four models have historically shaped the United States. While many highlight patterns of pluralism and assimilation, it is equally critical to recognize the extent to which U.S. society was built upon the segregation of African Americans and the genocide of Native Americans.

Core Models of Minority Interaction

• Pluralism: A state in which people of all races and ethnicities remain distinct but possess equal social standing and share resources roughly equally.
• Assimilation: The process by which minorities gradually adopt the patterns

advantages and disadvantages of new technologies:

The Origins of Basque Nationalism: Sabino Arana

The text analyzed is a political and ideological manifesto written by Sabino Arana y Goiri, the founder of the Basque Nationalist Party (PNV/EAJ). Written in 1894 during the Spanish Restoration, this document serves as a primary source that established the foundational ideology of the party.

Core Ideological Pillars

Sabino Arana outlined several key objectives for the Basque nation:

• Religious Identity: Biscay was to be Catholic, Apostolic, and Roman.
• Sovereignty: Biscay was envisioned as an independent state.
• Church and State: Despite the religious focus, Arana proposed a separation between the Church and the State.
• Federal Unity: The three provinces were to unite in a federal, independent state based

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS AND POLITICAL SYSTEMS PRESENT.

The main political regimes today:

Liberal democratic political system: Western culture, Western Europe, United States of America, Canada

Socialist regimes, Soviet Union, Eastern Europe, mainland China, Cuba people's democracies.

Third world: non-industrialized societies in Latin America, Africa and Asia.

Liberal democratic political regime, is characterized as a liberal societies and democratic political culture tends to the values ​​of electoral participation, the government controlled by the freedoms and rights of individuals, the guarantee of private property, their way of organization of power, separation of functions, collaboration with institutions that give rise to the three...

Social Inequalities: Causes and Consequences

The Industrial Revolution in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries was a major cause of social inequalities. Key factors contributing to these disparities included:

• Establishment of factories and mass migration from the countryside to the city.
• Excessive working hours (14 to 16 hours).
• Low wages and inadequate housing.
• Lack of insurance and medical rights.

A new social class, the proletariat, reacted to these inequalities and injustices through strikes. As a result of this movement, the proletariat gained the right to association and trade unionism, although the working class remained exploited by the interests of capital.

Global Division Resulting from Industrialization

Due to the Industrial Revolution,...

19th Century Reform Movements

In the nineteenth century, various social and political theories emerged to pursue a more egalitarian society. Key reformers included:

• Jeremy Bentham: Founder of utilitarianism, he argued that a fair state seeks the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people.
• Henri de Saint-Simon: Advocated for a new state organization where spiritual power resides with scientists and temporal power with productive industrial classes. He believed parasitic classes—such as the military, clergy, and aristocracy—should be eliminated.
• John Stuart Mill: Proposed a social system bridging liberalism and socialism. Alongside his wife, Harriet Taylor, he was a pioneer in the fight for women's equality.

Social Democracy as an Alternative

Social