Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for Geography for Secondary education

In the feudal system, the king, the nobles, the clerics, and peasants all had different responsibilities and rights. Basically, the system consists of:

• Somebody gave protection/land to someone else.
• In exchange, the other had to fight or work for their protection.

The King

The king was the ruler of the country and owned all the land. However, he didn't have a big army and was weak. This is why he needed the noblemen and their armies.

The Noblemen

The noblemen were the vassals of the king. They promised obedience and loyalty to the king in the ceremony of homage. They provided knights and in return received a land (fief). In their lands, as lords, they acted as judges and collected taxes for themselves.

Knights

Knights were less important nobles, were...

Fertility

The number of live births per 1000 women aged between 15-49.

Mortality

The mortality in a particular place or situation is the number of people who die.

Demography

The study of population statistics.

Life Expectancy

The average period that a person is expected to live.

Density

A measure of the amount of information on a storage medium.

Migration

Seasonal movement of people from one region to another.

Population

All the inhabitants of a particular place.

One Child Policy

An official program initiated in the late 1970s and early '80s by the central government of China, the purpose of which was to limit the great majority of family units in the country to one child each. The rationale for implementing the policy was to reduce the growth rate of China'...

Cuban Missile Crisis

It was the worst diplomatic crisis during the Cold War (1962), three years after the Cuban Revolution's success of communism in Cuba led by Fidel Castro.

Vietnam War

The worst military conflict during the Cold War, it happened between (1955-1975). Initially, it started between (communist) Northern Vietnam and (capitalist) Southern Vietnam.

Great Leap Forward

It was an economic plan performed by Mao Zedong between (1958-1961). The plan was to convert the Chinese countryside into farms to produce steel. The consequences were that due to the very bad climate, the crops were bad and many people died.

Cultural Revolution

It was the last period of Mao Zedong governing China (1966-1976).

May 1968 Student Protests

Was the beginning of a...

- Period= 1780- 1850/ 1850- 1945

Population

Concept

The distribution of people living in an area or place has its own characteristics and pursues common goals.

Distribution of the Population by Region

• Coast-Mountain Region: 20% of the territory, 78.7% of the population
• Llanera Central Depression: 35% of the territory, 15.5% of the population
• Guayana Region: 45% of the territory, 5.5% of the population

Causes of the Uneven Distribution of Population

• Geographical position of the Andean region
• Climate-friendly agricultural soils and abundant water
• Construction of good communication channels
• Extensive network of services

Consequences of the Unequal Distribution of Population

• High population concentration in small areas leading to overcrowding, crime, and lack of services
• Abandonment of farming

Characteristics

Latitude: Temperature increases as you go south. Precipitation is higher in the north. Relief: Altitude causes temperature to fall and precipitation to rise. Mountain ranges are barriers that block air masses. The influence of the sea makes coastal temperature milder and increases the contrast in temperature in the interior.

Oceanic Climate: Galicia to País Vasco

Temperature is mild with no great contrasts, cool winters, and mild summers. There is abundant and regular precipitation with very few dry months. Vegetation is characterized by deciduous forests of oaks and beeches, meadows, and grasslands.

Mediterranean Climate: Mediterranean coast and interior

Precipitation is moderate (800-300) and irregular with droughts in summer. Temperature doesn'...

The Autonomous Communities of Spain

The Spanish Constitution of 1979 led Spain to be organized into different autonomous communities. Between 1980 and 1985, the 17 autonomous communities that exist today were established. In 1995, the statutes of autonomous cities were approved for the two Spanish cities in North Africa: Ceuta and Melilla.

Spain's Provincial Organization

Spain has 50 provinces belonging to the different autonomous communities according to their geography, cultural characteristics, and common history. There are also the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla.

For historical reasons, some of these provinces are not located within the autonomous communities they belong to. For example, Condado de Treviño belongs to Burgos, but it...

Past and Current Demographic Models

• The Preindustrial Model

  This model has high birth and death rates because the population is weakened by disease, epidemics, and famine.

• The Modern or Demographic Transition Model

  This model originated in the Industrial Revolution and spread worldwide during the 19th century.

  1. The first phase has strong population growth as a result of natural increase. Birth rates are high, and death rates fall rapidly.

  2. In the intermediate phase, natural increase slows down. Death rates remain low, but birth rates begin to fall.

  3. In the final phase, the population stagnates, or there is very slow growth. Both birth and death rates are very low, and the tendency is toward zero growth.

The Territorial Organization of Spain

Main Institutions

Activity 6:

Type of settlement: In a dispersed Settlement, farmers dwelling are separated from one another and surrounded by The land they farm. In a concentrated settlement, dwellings are grouped into a Village or hamlet. Meanwhile in interspersed settlements some dwellings are Grouped together, while others are isolated

Habitat: includes dwellings and Agricultural buildings, such as barns, stables and wine cellars. Are usually Made from local materials.

Farmland: In terms of size, fields Can be small (less than 10 hectares), medium-sized (between 10-100 hectares) or Large (+100 hectares).  Their shape can Be regular or irregular. With regard to their location, they can be open (if They are separated from one another by a furrow or boundary