Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for English for Secondary education

Future Forms and Will vs Going To

• She is going to marry a British man.
• What are you going to study next year?
• I am not going to tell you anything.
• Where are they going to live after the wedding?
• Its very cold. I will turn the heater on.
• She needs a bigger car. She is going to buy a new one next winter.
• I think Real Madrid won't win the league this year. They aren't doing very well.
• You will miss the train if you don't hurry up.

Questions and Short Answers (Matching)

Polite Requests, Directions and Suggestions

"Excuse me, officer, could you tell me...

Understanding Descriptive Writing

Description explains and represents reality through words. To create an effective description, the following phases should be taken into account:

• Observing the reality to be described.
• Selecting the most significant details.
• Ordering the selected data logically.
• Drafting the final text.

Objective vs. Subjective Description

Descriptions vary based on the author's intent and involvement:

Objective Description

The objective is to accurately reproduce reality, reflecting the way things really are. This style often uses many adjectives and is typical of factual content, such as scientific documentaries.

Subjective Description

The author reflects their personal feelings and emotions while describing. This style includes subjective...

Listen Activity: School Talent Shows

Talent shows are very popular at schools because they integrate the school community and give students the opportunity to show off their abilities. Many of the shows include singing, acting, magic tricks, playing an instrument, or dancing.

Vocabulary: Adjectives

• Thin: Flaco
• Young: Joven
• Short: Pequeño
• Fast: Rápido
• Tall: Alto
• Slow: Lento
• Old: Viejo
• Fat: Gordo

Grammatical Structures: Verb To Be

Simple Present Tense

• Affirmative: I am a student.
• Negative: I am not a student.
• Yes/No Question: Am I a student? Yes, I am.
• Third Person: He is an early bird. He is not an early bird. Is he an early bird? Yes, he is.
• Age: She is 13 years old. She is not 13 years old. How old is she? She is 13.
• Origin: It is from Europe. It is not from

The Argument

The exposition and argumentation are textual modalities. The argument is a text type which offers a reasoned defense of an opinion or point of view, which is called a thesis.

Argumentative texts are constructed in order to convince others by the validity of the arguments put forward. Data are used as arguments, examples, facts, and quotes from renowned characters.

The Noun Phrase

The noun phrase (NP) is the set of words that has as its core a noun or pronoun. The substantive core of the NP can be accompanied by the following additions:

• Determinants: They perform this function: articles (e.g., the student) and adjectives/determiners (e.g., this, my first, a student).
• Adjacents: They perform the function of adjectives (e.g., student applied)

Massachusetts & Uruguay: Ideal Student Trip Destinations

Introduction: Massachusetts

As requested, this report assesses the suitability of Massachusetts for a three-day student visit.

Harvard University

Harvard is a private Ivy League university and the oldest higher education institution in the United States. Considered one of the best universities globally, it comprises several schools, including:

• Harvard Medical School
• Harvard Dental School
• Harvard Divinity School
• Harvard Law School
• Harvard Business School
• Graduate School of Design
• Graduate School of Education
• School of Public Health

Cambridge, Massachusetts

Cambridge, located in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, is renowned as the home of Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology...

Spanish Conjunctions

Subordinating

• Comparative: that, like, like...that, ...as well...and, more..., less...that...
• Complete: that if
• Temporary: when, while, just, as before
• Grounds: for, as, because, since
• Finals: to affirm that for, so that
• Conditional: if, provided that
• Concessive: although, though
• Consecutive: well, then, while, so, so...that both...than

Spanish Adverbs

Types of Adverbs

A Dangerous Home Invasion

Two years ago, my parents went to the beach on holidays. I couldn't go with them because I had a very difficult exam and I had to study. I was alone in my house and I decided to go to a restaurant to have dinner (I hate cooking). It was winter, and it was cold. The streets were empty, but fortunately, the restaurant was near my house. I was having dinner, and when I finished, I went to my house. When I opened the door, I listened to strange noises. I thought it was my cat, but suddenly, a man appeared. He said to me that he was a thief, and if I didn't shout, he wouldn't hurt me. I was afraid. I didn't know what to do. Suddenly, the police arrived; someone had heard noises and phoned them. Finally, the man was arrested...

The Debate: Parental Influence on Career Decisions

Everyone, at some point in life, faces a difficult decision regarding their career path. Parents often offer suggestions to their children, sometimes even attempting to dictate the school or job they should pursue. This raises a fundamental question: Should parents choose their children's careers, or should children maintain full autonomy? This discussion explores the arguments supporting both perspectives.

Arguments for Parental Involvement in Career Decisions

It can be challenging to understand why parents might insist their children choose a path based on parental preference rather than the child's genuine desires. However, several reasons often motivate this stance:

• Lack of Interest: Some adolescents

Indirect Questions and Reported Speech

Correct the underlined words:

• 0. Do you know where the nearest bank is?
• 1. Can you tell me what you did at school yesterday?
• 2. Do you know why Franco behaves so badly?
• 3. Could you tell me how often trains go to New York City from here?
• 4. Do you know when Alex and Julia got married?
• 5. Can you tell me if you enjoyed the movie?

Rewrite the Questions

0. "What time did the train leave?"
Can you tell me what time the train left?

1. "Why haven’t you done your homework yet?"
Could you tell me why you haven’t done your homework yet?

2. "When will the news be announced?"
Do you know when the news will be announced?

3. "Where does Yuki live?"
Do you know where Yuki lives?

4. "How often does the bus go to the airport?"
Could