Textual Modalities and Grammatical Structures Analysis

The Argument

The exposition and argumentation are textual modalities. The argument is a text type which offers a reasoned defense of an opinion or point of view, which is called a thesis.

Argumentative texts are constructed in order to convince others by the validity of the arguments put forward. Data are used as arguments, examples, facts, and quotes from renowned characters.

The Noun Phrase

The noun phrase (NP) is the set of words that has as its core a noun or pronoun. The substantive core of the NP can be accompanied by the following additions:

• Determinants: They perform this function: articles (e.g., the student) and adjectives/determiners (e.g., this, my first, a student).
• Adjacents: They perform the function of adjectives (e.g., student applied) and noun phrases preceded by a preposition (e.g., student in elementary).

Besides, the core of the noun phrase can be amended by a nominal system without a preposition called apposition (Ap): The student Juan Gomez.

Contextual Synonyms

Some terms are synonymous only in certain contexts; these are contextual synonyms (e.g., a boy and student).

Galdós's Novels

Benito Pérez Galdós is one of the most prominent representatives of the realist novel.

In his novel Marianela, consider the relationship between Paul, a young blind man, and Marianela, a woman-child, characterized by her ugliness and imagination. A medical operation restored sight to Paul, who then falls for his beautiful cousin Florentina. Marianela, subsequently, dies of grief and shame.

The Expression of Opinions

In the formulation of opinions, there are expressions like in my opinion and from my point of view, or verbs in the first person such as I believe, I think...

Our opinions must be based on arguments; therefore, causal conjunctions are used to formulate them: It seems inappropriate because, since...

The drafting of arguments includes adjectives to express appreciation of reality.

The Verb Phrase

• The verb phrase functions as the predicate of the sentence, and its core is a verb.
• The verb is the word that indicates action (studying, running, laughing) and states (be, seem, appear) and expresses time.
• Verbal moods are the indicative, subjunctive, and imperative.

Antonymous Words

Antonymous words are those that express opposite meanings.

Antonyms can be graded elements: cold, warm, hot.

Clarín's Stories

Clarín is the pseudonym of Leopoldo Alas, author of the novel The Judge's Wife.

He is also the author of articles set in Asturias, which denounce social injustice, standing on the side of the weakest.