Essential English Modal Verbs and Common Vocabulary
Modal Verbs and Uses
Modal verbs
Possibility
- Could (podría)
- May (puede)
- Might (podría)
Obligation
Present: must (debe); have/has to (tiene que)
No Obligation
Present: don't/doesn't have to (no tiene que)
Past Obligation
Past: had to (tuvo que)
No Obligation in the Past
No obligation: didn't have to (no tuvo que)
Prohibition
Prohibition: mustn't (no debe); can't (no puede)
Conditionals
- If I study, I will pass. (Si estudio, aprobaré.)
- If I studied, I would pass. (Si estudiara, aprobaría.)
- If I had studied, I would have passed. (Si hubiera estudiado, habría aprobado.)
Passive Voice
The door (is, was, will be) opened by John. (La puerta es abierta por John.)
Lindsay Lohan — Biography
Lindsay Lohan was born in 1986 in New York, but she grew up in Merrick.
She is the youngest daughter; her father is Michael and her mother is Dina.
She is a singer, model, and actress. She started her career when she was three years old on TV.
Her first film was at age 11. At the age of 14 she played a character in a series.
Later she starred in several movies such as "Freaky Friday", "Mean Girls", "The Holiday"...
In 2007, her career was interrupted due to drug problems. Later she continued her career and was a guest on television series such as Ugly Betty and Labor Pains.
In 2004, Lohan started singing with her first album, Speak.
Mona Lisa and Art Vocabulary
My favourite work of art is the Mona Lisa. It's a picture which you can see at the Louvre Museum in Paris.
The Mona Lisa was created by Leonardo da Vinci. This picture is the most famous in the world and is visited by many people.
The portrait depicts a woman who is sitting on a chair.
The Mona Lisa has become a mystery to many artists because it seems to hide something that we do not know. It is also considered one of Leonardo's later works.
Art Types (with translations)
- Craft: (artesanía)
- Landscape: (paisaje)
- Fashion design: (diseño de moda)
- Still life: (naturaleza muerta)
- Graphic design: (diseño gráfico)
- Portrait: (retrato)
- Sculpture: (escultura)
- Installation: (instalación)
- Pottery: (cerámica)
- Print: (grabado)
Materials and Objects
- An ice sculpture (escultura de hielo)
- A gold chain (cadena de oro)
- A stone carving (piedra esculpida)
- A woolly hat (gorro de lana)
- Silver bracelet (pulsera de plata)
- Wooden crate (caja de madera)
- Sand sculpture (escultura de arena)
Fears and Spaces
- Being alone (estar a solas)
- Confined spaces (espacios reducidos)
- Strangers / foreigners
- Flying (volar)
- Heights (alturas)
- Germs
- The dark (oscuridad)
- Despite (a pesar de)
- Device (dispositivo)
- Skull (calavera)
- Skyscrapers (rascacielos)
- Wrist (muñeca)
- Elbow (codo)
Senses Vocabulary
- Hear / hearing — escuchar, oír
- Taste / taste — probar; gusto
- See / sight — ver; vista
- Feel / touch — sentir; tocar
- Smell / smell — oler; olfato
Relationship Phrases
- Ask someone out (invitar a salir)
- Cheat on someone (ser infiel a alguien)
- Fancy someone (estar enamorado de alguien)
- Finish with someone (terminar con alguien / romper con alguien)
- Flirt with someone (coquetear)
- Get on with someone (llevarse bien con alguien)
- Have an argument (discutir)
- Miss someone (echar de menos)